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【正文】 protein. Figure 912 Base Excision repair enzyme remove damaged bases by a baseflipping mechanism Repair of DNA damage Glycosylase 1. Recognizes the damaged base 2. Removes the damaged base AP endonulease exonulcease the abasic sugarphosphate backbone Exonulcease/DNA polymerase/ligase 4. Works sequentially to plete the repair event. Figure 914: baseflipping recognition by glycosylase Figure 913: removes the damaged base and repair oxoG:A repair. A glycosylase recognizes the mispair and removes A. A failsafe glycosylase also removes T from T:G mispairs, as if it knows how T is produced. Failsafe systems (最后保險系統 ) Figure 915: Nucleotide Excision repair enzymes cleave damaged DNA on either side of the lesion Repair of DNA damage distortions to the shape of the DNA double helix a short singlestranded segment that includes the lesion. polymerase/ligase fill in the gap. Figure 916** Figure 917. Transcriptioncouple repair: nucleotide excision repair (NER) system is capable of rescuing RNA polymerase that has been arrested by the presence of lesions in the DNA template TFIIH TFIIH is a transcription factor including XPA and XPD (UvrB) Rebination repairs DNA breaks by retrieving sequence information from undamaged DNA Repair of DNA damage Doublestrand break (DSB) repair pathway Details are in chapter 10 Figure 104. Damage in the DNA template can lead to DSB formation during replication FIGURE 103 DSB repair model for homologous rebination Translesion DNA synthesis enables replication to proceed across DNA damage Repair of DNA damage ?Errorprone repair*** ?Occurs when the above repairs are not efficient enough so that a replicating polymerase encounters a lesion ?Translesion synthesis is also called a failsafe or last resort mechanism. synthesis is catalyzed by a specialized class of DNA polymerases that synthesize DNA directly across the damage site. polymerase is produced by cell in response to the DNA damage polymerases are expressed as part of the SOS response pathway. FIGURE 919 Crystal structure of a translesion polymerase. A Yfamily polymerase found in many anisms. FIGURE 919 Translesion DNA synthesis in E. coli Summary and key points All the repair mechanisms (details) and the cause of the corresponding DNA errors and DNA damages Mismatch repair system: DNA replication errors Direct revers

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