畢業設計開題報告和外文翻譯-全文預覽

　　

【正文】 地震反應較小，經過合理的結構設計可以具有較好的延性性能。 3） 在填充墻的布置方面： 宜采用輕質材料，且應避免形成上、下層剛度變化過大；避免形成短柱；減少因抗側剛度偏心所造成的扭轉。 再次，在結構設計方面： 1） 首先根據不同的設計要求選 取不同的荷載代表值來進行承載力計算。 3） 做好 “強節點弱構件 ”的設計，還要對節點進行抗震結構設計要求框架節點核芯區不先于梁柱破壞。 這對每個土木工程專業的畢業生來說，是一個挑戰，也是一次機會，我們用它來 檢查和提高 我們 對基礎理論和專業知識的理解 、 掌握程度及綜合應用的實踐能力。 五、研究進度安排 1～ 2 周（ — ） 畢業實習、課題調研、資料收集和文獻閱讀及開題報告等工作 3 周（ — ） 建筑方案設計 4～ 5 周（ — ） 建筑施工圖繪圖 6～ 9 周（ — ） 結構計算 10～ 13 周（ — ） 結構施工圖繪制 14～ 15 周（ — ） 整理、并準備答辯 六、主要 參考文獻 參考文獻目錄 [01] 中華人民共和國國家標準，建筑結構荷載規范（ GB 500092021） [02] 中華人民共和國國家標準，混凝土結構設計規范（ GB 500102021） [03] 中華人民共和國國家標準，建筑抗震設計規范（ GB 500112021） [04] 中華人民共和國國家標準，建筑地基基礎設計規范（ GB 500072021） [05] 混凝土結構施工圖平面表示方法制圖規則和構造詳圖（ 03G1012） [06] 混凝土結構施工鋼筋排布規則與構造詳圖（ 06G9011） [07] 同濟大學、西安建筑科技大學、東南大學、重慶大學合編 .房屋建筑學（第四版） .中國建筑工業出版社， 2021 [08] 李愛群，高振世主編，工程結構抗震設計 .中國建筑工業出版社社， 2021 [09] 華南理工大學、浙江大學、湖南大學編 .基礎工程 .中國建筑工業出版社， 2021 [10] 東南大學、浙江大學、湖南大學、蘇州科技學院合編 .土力學 .中國建筑工業出版社，2021 [11] 沈蒲生主編 .混凝土結構設計原理第 2 版，高等教育版社， 2021 [12] 彭少民主編 .混凝土結構，武漢理工大學出版社， 2021 [13] 白國良主編 .荷載與結構設計方法 .高等教育出版社， 2021 [14] 混凝土結構設計規范例編委會 .中國建筑工業出版社， 2021 [15] 梁峰，張敘主編 .框架結構（結構專業）施工圖設計實例 .中國建筑工業出版社， 2021 [16] 建筑設計常用數據手冊 .中國建筑工業出版社， 2021 [17] 沈蒲生，蘇三慶主編 .高等學校建筑工程專業畢業設計指導 .中國建筑工業出版社，2021 [18]現行建筑結構規范大全 .中國建筑工業出版社 [19] 建筑設計資料集第 Ⅱ 版（ 5 冊） .建筑工業出版社 [20] 《建筑結構荷載規范》 GB5006820213 [21] 《建筑地基基礎設計規范》 GB500072021 [22] 《建筑結構制圖標準》 GB/T501052021 [23] 《房屋建筑制圖統一標準》 GB/T50012021 [24] 《建筑制圖標準》 GB/T501042021 外文參考文獻翻譯（譯文大于 5000漢字） 見附件“畢業設計（論文）外文參考文獻翻譯” 七、審核意見 指導教師對開題的意見： 指導教師簽字： 年 月 日 系（院）審核意見： 審核人簽字： 年 月 日 說明： 該表每生一份，系（院）妥善存檔； 課題來源填：“自選”或“教師指定”或“其它”，課題類型填：“理論研究”或“應用研究”或“技術開發”或“實驗設計”或“其它”。s responsibility, regardless of everyone. Project cost of the entire process control requirements to control its costs with the progress of construction projects in various stages of continuous, neither overlooked nor time when, should enable construction projects throughout costs under effective control. Dynamic Control principle. Construction of the project is a onetime, cost control should emphasize control of the project in the middle, that is, dynamic control. Construction preparation stage because the cost is under the control of construction design to determine the specific content of the cost, prepare cost plans, the development of a costcontrol program for the future cost control ready. And the pletion of phase cost control, as a result of cost financing has been basically a foregone conclusion, even if the deviation has been too late to rectify. Principle of management by objectives. Management objectives include: setting goals and deposition, the goal of responsibility and implementation of the aims of the inspection results of the implementation, evaluation of the goals and objectives that form the management objectives of the planning, implementation, inspection, processing cycle, PDCA. Responsibility, authority, in light of the profit principle. Construction of the project, project manager of the department, the team shouldering the responsibility for cost control at the same time, enjoy the power of cost control, project manager for the department, Teams cost control in the performance of regular examination and appraisal of implementation of a crossword punishment. Only to do good job duties, rights, and interests bining cost control, in order to achieve the desired results. 4. Construction Cost Contrcrol Measures The construction cost control measures cost control measures. Reduce the cost of construction projects means, we should not only increase revenue is also reducing expenditure, or both also increase savings. Cutting expenditure is not only revenue, or revenue not only to cut expenditure, it is impossible to achieve the aim of reducing costs, at least there is no ideal lower cost effective. Project Manager of the project cost management responsibility for the first, prehensive anization of the project cost management, timely understand and analyze profit and loss situation and take prompt and effective measures。s financial, Analysis of the project should keep the financial accounts of reasonable scheduling of funds. Develop advanced economies reasonable construction program, which can shorten the period, and improve quality, reduce costs purpose。s rapid development, construction increasingly fierce market petition. For a period of time, the railway construction enterprises will face the increasingly fierce market challenges Construction of the business environment difficult to be improved. Efficiency increases, effective cost control and claims will be strengthened in the future management focus. This requires the railway construction enterprises should respect the unity of the work to reduce costs and enhance efficiency objectives. In accordance with the requirements of the market economy research, adjustment and improve the management system, to further strengthen the management of infrastructure, enterprise management from the physical management to value management, thus enabling cost management into enterprise management centers. 6 Construction Project Cost Control Methods The construction project cost control of construction cost control in many ways, this highlights deviation analysis. Deviation refers to the actual value of the construction costs with the planned value of the difference. Deviation analysis available Bar Graph method, the form, method. (1) Bar Graph method is different TransverseLine marking the pletion of the project has been the construction costs, End to construction projects have been pleted and cost (the costeffective construction, TransverseLine length is proportional to t