設備檢查概論-預覽頁

　

【正文】 重性的管線。 (A) 內容物為可燃性且會自動結凍（ autorefrigerate）導致脆裂者。 (D) 氫氣 (純度低於 80%者 )。 厚度檢測點位置之決定 檢查或管轄部門應對各管路系統可能存在之下列特殊環境與腐蝕型 態特別注意，並列為厚度檢測與其他檢查之重點。 (D) 土壤介面處。 b). 流孔板下游。 存有以下條件，宜輔以其他非破壞檢測 (A) 應力腐蝕裂紋產生區。 d). 未經應力釋除熱處理管線之胺液 (Amine)應力腐蝕。 (B) 內襯或沈積物下之腐蝕。 金鋼在 482℃(900℉) 以上有發生潛變裂紋。 ? 常用非破壞檢測方法：液滲檢測 (PT)、磁粒檢測 (MT)、射線檢測 (RT)、超音波檢測 (UT)、渦電流檢測 (ET)、目視檢測 (VT)、音洩檢測 (AE)等。 ? 目前已有多種 pmi儀器，使用同位素法輕巧方便。 653), and by NB23 as suitable means for evaluating the structural integrity of pressure vessels, piping systems and storage tanks where inspection has revealed degradation and flaws in the equipment. ? The FitnessForService assessment procedures in this Standard cover both the present integrity of the ponent given a current state of damage and the projected remaining life. ? Assessment techniques are included to evaluate flaws including: general and localized corrosion, widespread and localized pitting, blisters and hydrogen damage, weld misalignment and shell distortions, cracklike flaws including environmental cracking, laminations, dents and gouges, and remaining life assessment procedures for ponents operating in the creep range. ? In addition, evaluation techniques are provided for condition assessment of equipment including resistance to brittle fracture, longterm creep damage, and fire damage. FitnessForService assessment procedure ? STEP 1 – Flaw and Damage Mechanism Identification: ? STEP 2 – Applicability and Limitations of the FFS Assessment Procedures: ? STEP 3 – Data Requirements: ? STEP 4 – Assessment Techniques and Acceptance Criteria: ? STEP 5 – Remaining Life Evaluation: ? STEP 6 – Remediation: ? STEP 7 – InService Monitoring: ? STEP 8 – Documentation Applicability and Limitations of the FFS Assessment Procedures ? The FFS assessment procedures in this Standard were developed to evaluate the pressure boundaries of pressure vessels, boiler ponents, piping, and shell courses of storage tanks with a flaw resulting from single or multiple damage mechanisms. ? The concepts presented in this Standard may also be used for the assessment of nonpressureboundary ponents such as supports. ? FitnessForService procedures for fixed and floating roof structures, and bottom plates of tanks are covered in Part 2 of API 653. Assessment Techniques and Acceptance Criteria ? Level 1 Assessment: may be performed either by plant inspection or engineering personnel ? Level 2 Assessment: would typically be conducted by plant engineers,or engineering specialists experienced and knowledgeable in performing FFS assessments. ? Level 3 Assessment: primarily intended for use by engineering specialists experienced and knowledgeable in performing FFS assessments. 結語 ?設備檢查能降低工場意外停爐的事件，但設備檢查非萬能丹，平常巡檢最重要 ?設備檢查的可靠度影響到檢查的品質，所以專業檢查人員必頇 Qualify ?發覺設備缺失，可利用 FFS方法評估、改善、並監控