四級閱讀完型英語詞匯閱讀練習附答案部分附講解及翻譯-文庫吧在線文庫

　　

【正文】 inforcement motivatesand has a greater effect on learning that criticism. Again, criticism can create __10__ levels of stress,which can lead to burnout. A)process B)high C)enjoying D)anxietyE)settle F)cautious G)cooperate H)greatlyI)dropping J)hardly K)intense L)focusM)aspiration N)critical O)procedure ANSWERS： D 由 or 可知，此處應填名詞，并且所填名詞和 stress 詞語詞性相同，選項中有 anxiety 和 aspiration，但由最后一段中 worryingmore 可推出，壓力會給運動員造成過多的焦慮，而不是渴望，故排除 aspiration 而選 anxiety。但我所教過的學校從來沒有忽視過拼寫，或就一種基本技能來說從沒有認為它不重要。 此處應填名詞。 6. 選 K ）。 2. 選 A ）。這種題型的測試重點在于把握文章的結構，主要考查考生對諸如連貫性，一致性，邏輯聯系等語篇，語段整體特征以及單詞在實際語境中的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基礎上弄清文章的宏觀結構和具體細化到每個單詞的微觀理解。 不同讀者與文章對話的方式也不同。 導讀： Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were （ 意為 “可以說，姑且這么說 ”，有打比方的性質 ） , to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts O)furtherquestions, and so on. For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times （ 意為 “有時 “與 most of the time 形成對比，因此很容易推出第 2 題應填的詞 ） , however, we bee M)aware of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between J)expectations and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level. Different people B)conversewith the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page （ 意為 “與單詞保持很近距離 ”，即不注意單詞本身的意思 ） , others take off （ 意為 “離開 ”，在 這指匆匆略過單詞，即不注重單詞本身的意思 ） imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of prehension which is D)written in the text. The latter represents I)higher levels of prehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers. There is another conversation which from our point of view isC)equally important, and that is （ There is another…and that is… 。 6. 選 I 此處應填形容詞。 2. 選 M 此處應填形容 詞且能與 of 構成固定搭配。 后一種觀點博得了很多人 , 特別是教育界人士的支持 . 然而據 個性和社會心理學期刊 六月份刊載的一篇論文卻指出 : 謹慎地使用少量的金錢獎勵會激發小學生的創造力 , 這表明適當地給予物質刺激確實有助于激發創造力 . “如果孩子們知道他們在為獲得獎勵而努力，而且能專注于較有挑戰性的任務，他們就會表 現出很大的創造力， ”位于 Newark 的特拉華大學的羅伯特 . 艾森貝格說， “但是如果孩子表現不佳也給予獎勵，或是造成孩子對獎勵過分期待，就很容易扼殺創造力。 avoid “避免（不及格） ”不符合原文意思。 6. 選 M 此處應填形容詞。 2. 選 I 由空格后的 and gift 可知此處應填名詞。由 But 轉折可知此句表明的觀點與認知派研究專家 who study various aspects of mental life 的觀點 “物質獎勵有害 ”相反，因此可以推出此處應填的形容詞是表示 “物質獎勵 ”的意思的詞，選項中只有 moary 符合題意。由此句中 high grades 和 uninspired 可以推出此處應填的詞應與 high 形成對比，故只有 ordinary 符合。主句的主語是 Eisenberger ， 謂語是 holds ， 賓語是省略了 that 的從句，即是 A teacher ends uPwith uninspired students, 而由 or 連接的兩個由 who 引導的定語從句，則是都是用來修飾 A teacher ） , Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten （ 意為 “拉緊 ”，但在此處應理解為 “嚴格 ” ） grading standards and N)restore failing grades. In early grades, the use of socalled token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performancebased points to ward valued rewards, shows B)promise in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist （ 值得就是 Robert Eisenberger ， 因此可推知最后三段都是 Robert Eisenberger 在對文章開頭提出的兩種不同觀點進行論述 ) claims. 全文翻譯： 心理學家們對于外在的獎勵 ——從熱情的稱贊到冰冷冷的金錢刺激，會怎樣影響一個人的動力與創造力，持有截然不同的看法。 （二） Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts __1__ questions, and so on. For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we bee __2__ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between __3__ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level. Different people __4__ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of prehension which is __5__ in the text. The latter represents __6__ levels of prehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers. There is another conversation which from our point of view is __7__ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as __8__ to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the __9__ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well __10__. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation. A)opposed B)converse C)equally D)written E)developed F)strategies G)pared H)awake I)higher J)expectations K)deal L)absolutely M)aware N)better O)further Answers: 1. 選 O 很明顯此處應填形容詞。可選項有 converse 和 deal ，從句意來理解，不同的人 …… 文章不同，但由于文章主要說明的是讀者與文章之間的溝通方式，故排除 deal “處理 ”而選 converse “談話。 9. 選 F 從句子結構來看，此處缺的是 employ 的賓語，再從選項中看，能與 employ 形成動賓搭配且符合題意的只有 strategies ，故選 strategies 。可以說，讀者對文章提出問題并得到解答，由此再提出新的問題，如此反復。與 “內容對話 ”相對我們稱其為 “程序對話 ”，程序對話關心的不是文字意義，而是閱讀方法。 篇章詞匯 VS 詞匯題 篇章詞匯與原來的老題型詞匯題相比，更注重對詞匯的實際運用的考查，從單一的一句話考查上升到篇章的理解。 很明顯這里應填形容詞，選項中 terrible ， difficult 后接事物名詞 something ，只有 adventurous 和 bright 可用來形容 somebody （ child )，再由后面的 play safe“不冒險 ”，可排除 adventurous而選擇 bright。由空格后面的 too many spelling errors和 illegible 可知，這篇文章是寫的很糟，而不是很難理解。 此處應填名詞。有一次我非常震驚，在一篇描寫個人經歷的感情細膩的文章后面讀到了這些話： “這篇糟透了！單詞拼寫錯誤太多。故排除 cautious 而選 critical。由 that 可知，此處應填與 oute 意思相反的詞，故只有 process“過程 ”符合題意，選項中 procedure 強調的是 “程序 ”，故排除。 from coaches, parents, and other teammates 修飾 Criticism。 Following a game many parents and coaches L)focus o