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【正文】 his letter. *瞬間動詞在否定句中則可以與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。 He has gone to Harbin. Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. Summary: 用法一： ( 不確定的 ) 過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或造成結(jié)果。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the position by 10 ： 00 this morning. 二、過去完成時的判斷依據(jù) 1. 由時間狀語來判定一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。t. 2 ）賓語從句中當賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 ) 3. 過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。試比較： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學會了 1000 個英語單詞。 ’s been watching television all day. 她看了整整一天電視。 A. They have lived in New York. 他們住在巴黎。 ? I have waited for two hours. ? 我等了兩小時。 2. I’ve been cleaning the windows. 我一直在擦窗戶。（我太累了。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the position petition. Present perfect continuous tense 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 Structure: 現(xiàn)在完成進行時由 have (has) +been + doing構(gòu)成 telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesn’t someone answer it? 電話響了差不多一分鐘 , 為什么沒人接 ? 2. The weather has been changeable lately。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他剛離開房間，他們就議論起他來。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn39。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before +過去的時間點。用法五：用于某些特殊句型 Practice： 1. —Can you give me the right answer? —Sorry, I ___ Would you please repeat that question? A. haven’t listened B. hadn’t listened C. don’t listen D. wasn’t listening 2. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ____ . A. have marked B. have been marked C. had marked D. had been marked 3.—It seems that she is thinking about something. —Yes, she can not remember what key she ___ to her puter. B. has set C. had set D. sets ___ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. B. is working C. has worked D. worked 5. He didn’t give up the plan though he __many times. fail B. was failing C. had failed D. has failed True or False: 1. He has been to the shop. He’ll be back soon. 2. I haven’t received his letter for a long time. 3. I have received his letter for two days. 4. This is the most interesting book that I had read. 5. He has bought the car last Friday. gone had have 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時 : 強調(diào)的是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系 ,對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等 ,不能與表過去的時間狀語連用。 2. Nick 參軍

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