antonymy-and-hyponymy(專業版)

　　

【正文】 Antonymy amp。 Hyponymy II. Antonymy ? types of antonyms ? characteristics of antonyms ? use of antonyms ? Definition ? Antonymy is concerned with semantic opposition. ? Antonyms can be defined as words which are opposite in meaning. ? There are a variety of ?oppositeness?. They can be classified into four major groups. ? Types of antonyms ? a) contradictory terms, binary antonyms, plementaries ? b) contrary terms, gradable antonyms ? c) relational opposites ? d) semantic inpatibles ? a) Contradictory terms ? These Antonyms truly represent oppositeness of meaning. ? For example, an animal is either dead or alive, and there exists no such a case where the animal is both dead and alive. ? Features of plementaries ? (1) They are so opposed to each other that they are mutually exclusive and admit no possibility between them. The assertion of one is the denial of the other or vice versa. In other words, if one of the pair is true, then the other cannot be. ? . ? present/absent, male/female, boy/girl, true/false, same/different ? perfect/imperfect ? If something is imperfect, no matter how slight the imperfection, the fact remains that the thing cannot be perfect. ? (2) Another distinctive feature of this category is that such antonyms are nongradable. They cannot be used in parative degrees and do not allow adverbs of intensity like very to qualify them. ? Take single/married for example. If someone is single, s/he cannot be married. It is incorrect to say ?S/He is very single, or more single, or extremely single.? ? One formation of such contradictory synonyms is add un, im, in… ? ? A ? A B ? B Activity ? Read the following examples and discuss whether there is any middle point between the two given words. ? large small ? open close ? right left ? medium ? ajar ? middle ? Such antonyms are called contrary antonyms. ? b)Contrary terms ? Antonyms of this type are best viewed in