consonants-and-their-change(留存版)

　　

【正文】 top, staff, strike, strong, struggle ? [ k?] scale, scan, scheme, scope, scream, ? scrawl, screw, scrub (4) Lengthening when an arresting /p/, /b/。 /t/, /d/ or /k/, /?/ are followed by a releasing /p/, /b/。 /t/, /d/ or /k/, /?/: ? [ p? ] Stop Peter. [ t? ] let Tim ? [ k? ] take Kim ? [ b? ] Rob Bob. [ d? ] sad Dave ? [ ?? ] big gap ? Also: [ m? ] some more [ n? ] ten names (5) Syllabic consonants: ? [ m? ] bottom / ????m / rhythm / ????? / socialism / ?????????? / ? [ ?? ] button / ????? / reason / ????n / captain / ?????n / ? [ ?? ] bottle / ????l / pupil / ?????l / ? [ ? ] bacon / ?????? / ? mercial / k??????(?)? / ? lock and key / ????? ???? / (6) Nasal release, before a syllabic nasal: ? [ p? ] Stop him. [ t? ] button [ k? ] beacon ? [ b? ] Rob him. ? [ d? ] bread’n butter /?????? ?????/ ? [ ?? ] pig and goat /?p??? ????t/ (7) Dentalized before /?/ or /?/: ? [ ?? ] eighth [ ?? ] width (8) Flapped, intervocalically: ? [ ? ] letter, ladder (9) Glottal stop, before syllabic /n?/ or /??/. ? button, Britain, bacon (10) Bilateral release with /?/: ? [ d?? ] padlock [??? ] clock [ ??? ] glad (11) Rounded, before a rounded sound: ? [ ? ] quarter [ g ] goose (12) Assimilated to a front sound: ? [ c ] or [ k ] keen / geese (13) The labiodental nasal, when followed by /f/ or / v /: ? [ ? ] fort / ??????? / invite / ??????? / (14) The alveolar / n /, when followed by an alveolar: ? [ n ] taking ten / ?t????? ?t??/