高產油茶示范林基地建設項目-文庫吧

【正文】 if y t hi s questi on. People al need vit am ins and get t hem f r om var i ous ki nds of veget abl es and f r ui ts. Only t hose wi t h def ici ency of one ki nd or anot her have to t ake vi t ami n pil ls t o get he r equir ed amount . The dif fer ence bet ween t he t hem e and t he novel i s m uch l ike t hat bet ween t he vi tami ns and t he veget abl es. The r eader someti mes fi nds t hat the t hem e of a novel is sim il ar t o or even t he sam e as what he has alr eady known about l if e and t hat he is sti l f asci nat ed by the novel . Them e appeals solel y to t he i nt el lectual level of r eadi ng whil e the novel as a whol e mai nl y appeals t o t he em ot i onal evel . Anot her pi tf al l concer ni ng the t hem e is t o conf use a theme wi t h m or al or lesson. Usual ly, a mor al or a l eson is t he advi ce st at ed or im pl ied i n a par abl e or f abl e. It i s somet hi ng of a r ul e by whi ch one can r egul at e his behavi or . For exam pl e, “Be ki nd t o your nei ghbor s, ” or “Honesty i s t he best pol icy.” But a t hem e is m or e pli cat ed than t hi s as a novel i s t o enhance one’s awar enes of l if e r at her t han sim pl y t o t el l him how t o behave. A novel i s a pl i cated m at ter and dif fer ent r eaders m ay have dif f er ent i nt er pr et ati ons of t he same novel, so it i s i ncorr ect t o pr esum e that one novel has onl y one t hem e. I n som e cases, t here ar e several subt hem es t o t he m ai n t hem e. I n r eali t y, som e novel s ar e appre ciated f or their t hem at ic am bi gui ty. For exampl e, Moby Dick can be i nt er pret ed i n m or e ways t han one. Fi nal ly, t he t hem e is not t o be conf used wi t h t he subj ect . The them e i s an idea whil e t he subject is a m at ter or an af ai r. “Love is i nvi nci ble” m ay be a them e, but “l ove” is onl y a subj ect . A subj ect m ay be uni ver sal . The subjects of The Scarl et Let ter, The Great Gatsby, and Wom en i n Love ar e al “love. ” But t hese novel s have dif f er ent t hem es. A t hem e i s par ti cul ar t o it s novel , though there ar e many simi l ar t hem es t o be f ound i n ot her novel s. I I . Fi ve Requi r em ent s for St ati ng a Theme The st at em ent of a t hem e m ay be bri ef or l ong. And t here ar e di f fer ent ways to expr ess one and t he sam e t heme. But it shoul d meet he f ol l owi ng r equir em ent s. A t hem e m ust be expresed i n t he form of a st atem ent wi t h a subj ect and a predi cat e. For exam pl e, “Love of one’ s count ry of ten i nspi res her oi c sel f sacr if ice.” I f a t hem e is expressed i n t he f orm of a phr ase, t hen the phr ase m ust be convert ibl e to sentence form . One can say t hat t he t heme of a novel i s “f ut il it y of envy.” The phr ase can be changed t o “envy i s f ut il e. ” When one chooses t o st at e a t hem e i n the phr ase f or m, he m ust be ver y caref ul about i ts conver ti bil it y t o sent ence f or m. For instance , t he phr ase “sel fl es m at ernal love” does not al ways mean t hat “m ater nal l ove i s sel fl es.” The theme i s generali zat i on about li f e based on t he novel , and t he st atem ent of t hem e shoul d be t rue al so of ot her peopl e or li fe si tuati ons. Theref or e, nam es of char act ers and pl aces shoul d not be m ent ioned, f or they suggest speci fi c t hi ngs and i nvi t e lim it at i ons. So i n them ati c discussion of Wut heri ng Hei ght s, one may m enti on “peopl e’ s psychol ogy of r evenge, ” but not “Heat hcl if f’ s. ” Though a t hem e i s a generali zat i on, over general i zati on shoul d be avoi ded. Si nce a t hem e is extr act ed fr om a par ti cul ar novel ( a par ti cul ar event ), i t may not be appl icabl e t o al l si tuati ons. So wor ds l i ke “al ways,” “never ,” “al ,” and “ever y” shoul d be avoi ded. I nst ead, one should use wor ds l i ke “som e,” “som et im es, ” and “m ay. ” When m aki ng a gener al izati on, one shoul d st ri ctl y keep t o what is act ual y i n t he novel and not sm uggl e i nt o it assum pt i ons suppl ied f r om his past experi ence. Si nce t hem e i s t he cent ral and uni fyi ng i dea of t he novel, i t m ust account f or al t he m aj or detail s and m ust not be cont radi cted by an det ail s i n t he novel. Si nce a theme i s dif f erent from a moral or a lesson, one shoul d avoi d reduci ng a t hem e t o a cli ch233。 or plati t ude l i ke “Beauty i s only ski n deep.” I f one crams every new experi ence i nt o an ol d f or mul a, he l oses t he opport uni t y of new per cepti on pr ovi ded by readi ng novel s. I V. Where t o Look f or t he Them e The novel ist may stat e or i mpl y t he t hem e. He uses ever y possi bl e met hod t o convey t he t heme. Though t he t heme i s based upon t he whol e novel , pr act i cal y, we can speci f y som e im por tant ar eas i n whi ch to l ook f or t he theme. H ow t he novel i s ent it led. The ti tl e is t he nam e of the novel and i n many cases ( alm ost al cases) t he novel i st i nt ends i t to t el l som et hing im port ant about t he novel. Som et im es t he centr al them e of t he novel i s pr esent i n t he t it l e. For exam pl e, Pri de and Prej udi ce i s about Dar cy’ s pri de and El i zabet h Ben ’s pr ej udice. Mai n St ret is about t he li f e of m i ddl e cl as people i n a Midwest er n t own.. Thi nk what t he ti tl e of For Whom t he Bel Toll s t el ls about i ts t hem e, and As I l ay Dyi ng. How t he noveli st shows his i nt erest . If t he noveli st i s i nt er est ed in somet hi ng, he woul d al ow m or e space t o it , descr i bi ng or nar r at ing i n great det ai l. Yet, sometim es he em phasi zes it by l eavi ng it out, as i n the case of Er nest Hemi ngway. The poi nt concerned here i s t hat why t he noveli st gi ves m or e at ent i on t o t hi s par ti cul ar char act er , si nce or event but not ot her s. H ow t he novel ist