專業(yè)英語講稿-20xx-lesson1--文庫吧

【正文】 lly functional groups are attached。 they have the potential advantages of small molecules with the same functional groups. Their usefulness is related both to the functional groups and to the nature of the polymers whose characteristic properties depend mainly on the extraordinarily large size of the molecules. (1) ―to which‖: 定語從句介詞前置 正常語序為： “ attach to the macromolecules‖ (2) ―whose‖作 “ 它的 ， 它們的 ” 解 ， 一般用于定語從句中 ， 修飾前面表示事物的名詞 18 A) What is the weight of a block of aluminum whose volume is cu. ft. (cubic feet) ? B) Besides the electrons, an atom also contains positive electrical particles whose total charge must be equal to that of the electrons. C) Air is a mixture, whose ponents are of great use in the chemical industry. D) The house, whose roof was blown off, has been repaired. 19 The attachment of functional groups to a polymer is frequently the first step towards the preparation of a functional polymer for a specific use. However, the proper choice of the polymer is an important factor for successful application. In addition to the synthetic aliphatic and aromatic polymers, a wide range of natural polymers have also been functionalized and used as reactive materials. （ 1） In addition to :除 … 之外 ， 可用 “ apart from‖或 “ besides‖代替 .： In addition to these sensors, a great deal of research has been also carried out on potentiometric (電位 (測定 )的 )sensors, like zirconium oxide for O2 monitoring for automotive application. In addition: 此外 ： In addition, the recovery times and sensitivities (100 to 200 mV) are appropriate for the proposed application. 20 Inanic polymers have also been modified with the reactive functional groups and used in processes requiring severe service conditions. In principle, the active groups may be part of the polymer backbone or linked to a side chain as a pendant group either directly or via a spacer group. A required active functional group can be introduced onto a polymeric support chain (l) by incorporation during the synthesis of the support itself through polymerization or copolymerization of monomers containing the desired functional groups, （ 1） either… or… 作 “ 或 … 或 … ‖、 “ 是 … 還是 … ‖、 “ 不是 … 就是 ...‖解： a) Crude oil contains gases and solids, either dissolved or dispersed. b) Current theories, either empirical or electronic, do not appear to account for this result. c) In the absence of force, a body will either remain at rest or continue to move with constant speed in a straight line 21 (2) by chemical modification of a nonfunctionalized preformed support matrix and (3) by a bination of (1) and (2). Each of the two approaches has its own advantages and disadvantages, and one approach may be preferred for the preparation of a particular functional polymer when the other would be totally impractical. The choice between the two ways to the synthesis of functionalized polymers depends mainly on the required chemical and physical properties of the support for a specific application. Usually the requirements of the individual system must be thoroughly examined in order to take full advantage of each of the preparative techniques. (i) each 作形容詞，“各自的，每個的” Each element has some special properties. The created potential is controlled by the electrochemical reaction of oxygen at each electrode. 22 (ii) each 作代詞，“各個”、“每個” each has its advantages. (iii) each 作副詞，“各個地” Different kind of waves have each the same three characteristics: amplitude, frequency and length. (iv) each 作同位語 They each showed good catalytic activities. Take advantage of : 利用，運用 The product was purified by taking advantage of the reaction. 23 Rapid progress in the utilization of functionalized polymeric materials has been noted in the recent past. Interest in the field is being enhanced due to the possibility of creating systems that bine the unique properties of conventional active moieties and those of high molecular weight polymers. The successful utilization of these polymers are based on the physical form, solvation behavior, porosity, chemical reactivity and stability of the polymers. The various types of functionalized polymers cover a broad range of chemical applications, including the polymeric reactants, catalysts, carriers, surfactants, stabilizers, ionexchange resins, etc. （ 1） In the field: 領(lǐng)域 （ 2） due to 復(fù)合介詞，作“由于” 1. Changes of state of matter are due to increase motion of molecules. （表語） 24 2. The force due to gravitation (地心引力 ) causes objects to have weight. (定語 ) 3. A part of the energy is wasted in machines due to friction. （狀語） 4. The failure of this experiment is due to the fact that the reaction temperature was not controlled. (表語 ) 注意辨別“ due‖ 用作形容詞 He is due to speak tomorrow. (due 作“預(yù)定”講） 注意復(fù)合介詞分開情況 In many waters are found various kinds of minerals, to which substances the hardness of water is due. Waters (pl.) 河水，湖水，礦泉水 25 In a variety of biological and biomedical fields, such as the pharmaceutical, agriculture, food industry and the like, they have bee indispensable materials, especially in controlled release formulation of drugs and agrochemicals. Besides, these polymers are extensively used as the antioxidants, flame retardants, corrosion inhibitors, flocculating agents, antistatic agents and the other technological applications. In addition， the functional polymers possess broad application prospects in the high technology area as conductive materials， photosensitizers， nuclear track detectors ， liquid crystals ， the working substances for storage and conversion of solar energy， etc. —— Akelah A， Moet A． Functlonalized Polymers and Their Applications． London： Chapman Hall， (1) the like: ，同類的事情 (2) indispensable：必不可少的，不可缺少的