ca6140普通車床的數控化改造設計畢業論文(已修改)

　

【正文】 CA6140普通車床的數控化改造設計摘　要數控機床的優點：具有高度柔性，加工精度高，產品質量穩定、可靠，生產效率高，可加工形狀復雜的零件，改善勞動條件，有利于生產管理和機械加工自動化的發展。普通機床的缺點：普通機床靠齒輪和普通絲杠螺母傳動。由于各運動副間存在間隙，加上手工操作不準確，因此重復精度較低。普通機床測量時需停車后手工測量，測量誤差較大，而且效率低下。適合批量較小，精度要求不高，零活類零件。它投資較數控低，但對工人的操作技能要求較高，因此工資水平高。在數控機床上加工零件，主要取決于加工程序，它與普通機床不同，不必制造、更換許多工具、夾具，不需要經常調整機床。因此，數控機床適用于零件頻繁更換的場合。也就是適合單件、小批生產及新產品的開發，縮短了生產準備周期，節省了大量工藝設備的費用。目前機床數控化改造的市場在我國有很大發展空間，現在我國機床數控化率不到3％。用普通機床加工出來的產品普遍存在質量差、品種少、檔次低、成本高、供貨期長，從而在國際、國內市場上缺乏競爭力，直接影響一個企業的產品、市場、效益，影響企業的生存和發展，所以必須大力提高機床的數控化率。本文以車床的數控改造為例，介紹了機床數控改造的方法，包括其結構的改造設計，性能與精度的選擇以及最后改造方案的確定。關鍵字：機床；數控化；改造；意義AbstractNumericallycontrolled machine tool39。s advantage: highly flexible, high machining accuracy, the product quality is stable, reliable, high production efficiency, plex shape of parts processing, improve working conditions, be helpful for production management and mechanical processing automation development. Ordinary machine faults: ordinary on gear and ordinary machine screw nut transmission. Because each movement between clearance, plus vice manual inaccurate repeat precision, so low. When measuring the conventional machine tools to stop, and the measurement error of the manual measuring after bigger, and low efficiency. Suitable for mass is lesser, precision demand is not high, a job kind parts. It is low, but investment to workers numerical control the operation skill is taller, accordingly wage level is high. On the machine processing parts, mainly depends on the processing procedure, it is different, not with ordinary machine manufacture, the replacement of many tools, fixtures, need not change often machine tools. Therefore, CNC machine is suitable for parts frequent change occasion. Also is suitable for single piece and small batch production and development of new products and shorten the production preparation period, save a lot of process equipment costs. At present numerical control machine tool in our country are transformation of the market development space, now China39。s great numerical control machine rate of less than 3 per cent. Use ordinary machining out of poor quality, product widespread few varieties, low class, the high cost, delivery, thereby in long the international and domestic markets, lack of petitiveness of an enterprise directly affect product, market, benefits and affect the enterprise survival and development, so we must make great efforts to improve the rate of nc machine tools. Based on the numerical control lathe transformation as example, the paper introduces the method of machine tool CNC reconstruction, including its structure, performance and accuracy retrofit design of the choice and final reform scheme determination. Keywords: machine； numerical control； modification； meaning 目 錄第1章 數控化改造的好處 5第2章 數控化改造方案 6第3章 介紹CA6140普通車床 7……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ....7 加工范圍及特點....................................................................................................................8 加工范圍 ……………………………………………………………………………8 .2 CA6140車床的加工特點………………………………………………………...93. 3傳動系統的介紹………………………………………………………………………...….9 主運動傳動系統…………………………………………………………………….9 車螺紋進給傳動系統……..………………………………………………………10 縱向、橫向進給系統……..………………………………………………………10 刀架的快速移動…………………………………………………………………..10第4章 設計進給系統 11……………………………………………………………………… ..11 切削力的計算……………………………………………………………………11 …………………………………………………..…...11 滾珠絲杠副的循環方式………………………………………………………….12 滾珠絲桿的安裝………………………………………………………………… 12 滾珠絲杠的承載能力的計算…………………………………………………….12 減速齒輪的設計…………………………………………………………………14 步進電動機的設計………………………………………………………………14 橫向進給系統的設計…………………………………………………………………….15……………………………………………………………………..16………………………………………………………..16…………………………………………………………………..18 步進電動機的選擇………………………………………………………………18第5章 改造車床主軸及控制系統 20 改進主軸電動機………………………………………………………………………….20………………………………………………………….. 20 螺紋加工過程中編碼器的作用…………………………………………………. 20……………………………………………………………………. .21………………………………………………………………………….. 21 改進刀架………………………………………………………………………………….21 改造刀架的目的 ……………………………………………………………… ...21 刀架的選擇……………………………………………………………………… .21 刀架的工作原理…………………………………………