板式精餾塔化工原理課程設(shè)計畢業(yè)論文(已修改)

　

【正文】 摘要化工原理課程設(shè)計是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生化工設(shè)計能力的重要教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，通過課程設(shè)計使我們初步掌握化工設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)知識、設(shè)計原則及方法；學(xué)會各種手冊的使用方法及物理性質(zhì)、化學(xué)性質(zhì)的查找方法和技巧；掌握各種結(jié)果的校核，能畫出工藝流程、塔板結(jié)構(gòu)等圖形。在設(shè)計過程中不僅要考慮理論上的可行性，還要考慮生產(chǎn)上的安全性、經(jīng)濟合理性。板式精餾塔也是很早出現(xiàn)的一種板式塔，20 世紀 50 年代起對板式精餾塔進行了大量工業(yè)規(guī)模的研究，逐步掌握了篩板塔的性能，并形成了較完善的設(shè)計方法。與泡罩塔相比，板式精餾塔具有下列優(yōu)點：生產(chǎn)能力（20%——40%）塔板效率（10%——50%）而且結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，塔盤造價減少 40%左右，安裝，維修都較容易。而在板式精餾塔中，篩板塔有結(jié)構(gòu)比浮閥塔更簡單，易于加工，造價約為泡罩塔的 60％，為浮閥塔的80％左右，處理能力大等優(yōu)點，綜合考慮更符合本設(shè)計的要求。本課程設(shè)計的主要內(nèi)容是過程的物料衡算，工藝計算，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和校核。關(guān)鍵詞：板式精餾塔 篩板 計算 校核TitleABSTRACTThe principles of chemical engineering course design is to cultivate students39。 ability of important chemical design teaching, through the curriculum design that we try to grasp the basic knowledge of chemical engineering design, design principles and methods, To learn all kinds of manual operation and physical properties, chemical properties of searching methods and techniques, Grasp the results, can draw process, tower structure, etc. In the design process should not only consider the feasibility of the theory, consider the safety in production and economic rationality. Plate column is an early tower, since the 1950s to plate column on a large scale, industrial master sieveplate tower, and formed a plete design method. Compared with the blister tower, has the following advantages: board distillation production capacity (2040%) tower efficiency (1050% plate) and simple structure, cost reduce 40% tray, installation, maintenance is easier. But in the plate column, sieveplate tower structure than float valves is more simple, easy processing, the cost is about 60% of the tower of blister, float valves for about 80% of the advantages of large capacity and processing, considering the design conforms to the requirements. The main contents of this course design is the process of material, craft calculation, the structure design and check.KEYWORDS: plate rectifying column。 sieveplate tower。 design目 錄摘要 IIIABSTRACT ................................................................III第一章 概述 ...............................................................3 精餾操作對塔設(shè)備的要求 .................................................3 板式塔類型 .............................................................3第二章 設(shè)計方案的確定 .....................................................3 操作條件的確定 .........................................................3 確定設(shè)計方案的原則 .....................................................3第三章塔的工藝尺寸得計算 ..................................................3 精餾塔的物料衡算 .......................................................3 摩爾分率 .............................................................3 平均摩爾質(zhì)量 .........................................................3 物料衡算 ............................................................3 回收率 ..............................................................3 塔板數(shù)的確定 ...........................................................3 理論板層數(shù) N 的求取 ...................................................3 精餾塔有關(guān)物性數(shù)據(jù)的計算 ..............................................3 操作壓力計算 ........................................................3 操作溫度計算 ........................................................3 平均摩爾質(zhì)量計算 ....................................................3 平均密度計算 ........................................................3 液體平均表面張力計算 ................................................3 液體平均黏度計算 ....................................................3 精餾塔的塔體工藝尺寸設(shè)計 ..............................................3 塔徑的計算 ..........................................................3 精餾塔有效高度的計算 ................................................3 塔板主要工藝尺寸的計算 ................................................3 溢流裝置計算 ........................................................3 塔板布置 ............................................................3 篩板的流體力學(xué)驗算 ....................................................3 塔板壓降 ............................................................3 液面落差 .............................................................3 液沫夾帶 ............................................................3 漏液 ................................................................3 液泛 ................................................................3 塔板負荷性能圖 ........................................................3 漏液線 ..............................................................3 液沫夾帶線 ..........................................................3 液相負荷下限線 ......................................................3 液相負荷上限線 ......................................................3 液泛線 ..............................................................3第四章 塔附屬設(shè)計 .........................................................3 塔附件設(shè)計 ............................................................3 筒體與封頭 ............................................................3 塔總體高度設(shè)計 ........................................................3 塔的頂部空間高度 ....................................................3 塔的底部空間高度 ....................................................3 塔體高度 ............................................................3 附屬設(shè)備設(shè)計 ..........................................................3 冷凝器的選擇 ........................................................3 泵的選擇 ............................................................3設(shè)計小結(jié) .................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。附錄 .....................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。參考文獻 .................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。1. 概述乙醇~水是工業(yè)上最常見的溶劑，也是非常重要的化工原料之一，是無色、無毒、無致癌性、污染性和腐蝕性小的液體混合物。因其良好的理化性能，而被廣泛地應(yīng)用于化工、日化、醫(yī)藥等行業(yè)。近些年來，由于燃料價格的上漲，乙醇燃料越來越有取代傳統(tǒng)燃料的趨勢，且已在鄭州、濟南等地的公交、出租車行業(yè)內(nèi)被采用。山東業(yè)已推出了推廣燃料乙醇的法規(guī)。長期以來，乙醇多以蒸餾法生產(chǎn)，但是由于乙醇~水體系有共沸現(xiàn)