電大開放教育社會保障學復習考試小抄版【精心編輯-預覽頁

　

【正文】 社會保障基金的概念 答 : 社會保障基金是國家，單位及個人統籌而積累起來的專項基金 ,當受益人出現生老病死失業等情況時 ,提供給她們的一定的社會物質幫助 . 社會保險 答：社會保險是國家通過立法的形式，有社會集中建立基金，以使勞動者在年老 患病 工傷 視野 生育等喪失勞動能力的情況下，能夠獲得國家和社會補償和幫助的各種制度的總稱。 工傷及工傷保險 答：工傷保險是國家和社會通過立法強制實施的，為在生產，工作中遭受意外事故或職業病傷害的勞動者及其家屬提供醫療服務，生活保障，經濟補償等物質幫助的制度。 ，社會保障的目標日益融入了人道主義與社會公平的理念。 ：調節公平與效率的關系，調節國民經濟的發展，調節國民收入的分配與再分配。 中國現行社會保障體系框架包括哪些內容？ 答： ，分為社會救助，社會保險和社會福利。 來解決，一般包括企業年會，慈善事業，互助保障等，他們構成對基本 社保制度的補充，并發揮著有益的作用。特點是：資金來源于國家財政預算撥款，被認為是政府對國民應盡的責任，救助對象是社會中一個特殊的弱勢群體，目標是幫助貧困人群維持最起碼的生活水平，需要被救助者依法自愿提出申請并獲得批準。且目的是解除勞動著的后顧之憂，增進勞資關系的融洽，典型國家 :德國美國。 如何理解社會保障基金的重要性。優點：強制性負擔公平，有利 于提升社會保障的社會化程度，保險項目簡單明了，征稅和支付有章可循，管理簡便。 社保基金的給付有幾種形式 最基本的有三種，及貨幣支付實物支付和服務支付，社?；鸬慕o付方式大部分采取貨幣形式，實物支付是指政府直接為社會成員提供特定物資的一種社會保障給付形式服務方式是指通過為有需要的社會成員提供服務服務及服務設施而實現社保目的的一種社會保障給付方式。 單方負擔型：雇員單方，雇主單方，政府單方。其享受的是單 純的權利。 依據救助的手段，可 分為現金救助，實物救助，服務救助。三、社會捐獻為補充供款渠道。評估自己共同生活的家庭成員的人均收入水平，如果低于法定標準并需要通過這一制度提供援助時，應當填寫并向社會救助機構提交申請書。 簡述農村五保制度的基本內容及其特點。 五保供養的內容：一、供給糧油和燃料。五、妥善辦理喪葬事宜。 其他國家鼓勵社會名界參與農村五保供養工作，形成全社會共同關心支持五保供養工作的局面。 災難救助的非經常性。凡屬于法律規定范圍內的成員都必須無條件的參加社會保險。 基本保障性：社會保險的保障標準是滿足保障對象的基本生活需要，因為社會保險的根本目的是保證人們的收入穩 定，生活安全，發揮社會穩定的作用。 2．責任分擔型 由政府、單位或雇主、個人等多方分擔養老保險責任，是社會養老保險制度發展的主流形式，這種模式是基于責任分擔或者責任共擔的原則確立的，其特點是勞動者的養老保險責任由多方共擔或分擔，它有利于養老責任奉獻分散和財務穩定；同時，由于實行強制性責任共擔，這種模式也就無法覆蓋到全體國民，他只能適用 勞動者甚至主要是工薪勞動者，從而屬于選擇性適度安排。 養老保險的財務模式有那些？ 現收現付式：該模式不考慮資金儲備，只從當年或近二三年的社會保險收支平衡的角度出發，確定一個適當的費率標準向企業與和人征收社會保險費（稅）。其特點是強調長期平衡，費率較為穩定，能夠積累起養老保 險金。優點 :既能滿足一定時期內的養老保險基金支出，又能有一定的資金積累，既不會超過企業與勞動者個人的經濟承受能力，有因階梯時間 不太長而易預測，面臨的保值增值壓力亦不會太大。它是指由國家立法強制執行的。 （ 4）互助互濟性。因此，任何單一的醫療保障制度都無法滿足全體社會成員的醫療保障需求，只有多種醫療保障制度相互配合、共同發揮作用的醫療保障體系才能夠滿足我國全體人民的醫療需求。（ 3）在新型農村合作醫療試點工作的基礎上總結經驗，出臺針對不同地區的分類實施方案，加大對貧困地區的財政轉移支付力度。因此，社會保障收入難以承受老齡化必然帶來的不斷增高的支出需求，許多國家的養老保險和醫療保險出現了支付危機。 2 養老保險是社會中每一個人都需要的。他們的知識和經驗 思想意識 道德規范對于維系社會關系，推動社會文明與進步都是必不可少的。老年人的生活有了保障，也就解除了青年人的后顧之憂，是他們安心工作和勞動。 c 商品經濟在社會化大生產下獲得蓬勃發展 d 家庭功能的變化，生產從家庭工廠走向社會 f 生產決定分配，生產的高度社會化，決定了分配也必須是高度社會化的。 ，缺乏強有力的監督制約機制。 3 促進生產發展，保證經濟正常運行。s National Basketball Association (WNBA) playoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin Magic Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space is a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of the court, and the basketball itself. The ball is spherical in shape and is inflated. Basketballs range in size from in (7276 cm) in circumference, and in weight from 1822 oz (510624 g). For players below the high school level, a smaller ball is used, but the ball in men39。s Christian Association (YMCA), which later became Springfield College. Naismith (18611939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport with limited physical contact but a lot of running, jumping, shooting, and the handeye coordination required in handling a ball. The peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketball. His students were excited about the game, and Christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local YMCAs about the game. The association leaders wrote to Naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the Triangle, the school newspaper, on January 15,1892. Naismith39。s original players were Canadians, and the game spread to Canada immediately. It was played in France by 1893。 its construction and size of 30 in (76 cm) were ruled official in 1949. The rulesetters came from several groups early in the 1900s. Colleges and universities established their rules mittees in 1905, the YMCA and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) created a set of rules jointly, state militia groups abided by a shared set of rules, and there were two professional sets of rules. A Joint Rules Committee for colleges, the AAU, and the YMCA was created in 1915, and, under the name the National Basketball Committee (NBC) made rules for amateur play until 1979. In that year, the National Federation of State High School Associations began governing the sport at the high school level, and the NCAA Rules Committee assumed rulemaking responsibilities for junior colleges, colleges, and the Armed Forces, with a similar mittee holding jurisdiction over women39。s game by recognizing it as an Olympic event in 1976. Again, television coverage of the Olympics has been exceptionally important in drawing attention to international teams. The first professional men39。s Professional Basketball League (WBL) and the Women39。 Eddie Gottlieb39。s attention as they did in other sports of the period. The same was true in college basketball up until the late 1930s, with coaches dominating the game and its development. Walter Doc Meanwell at Wisconsin, Forrest Phog Allen at Kansas, Ward Piggy Lambert at Purdue, and Henry Doc Carlson at Pittsburgh all made significant contributions to the game39。s prestige began to decline. Professional basketball remained a disanized and stodgy sport up until the late 1940s, with barnstorming still central to the game and most players still using the set shot. In 1946, however, hockey owners, led by Maurice Podoloff, created the Basketball Association of America (BAA) in the East to fill their arenas, but few fans came, even after Joe Fulks of Philadelphia introduced the jump shot. The BAA3