要素稟賦及農業勞動生產率的地區差異(存儲版)

　　

【正文】 9882005198620051988200519862005系數系數系數系數勞動 () () () ()物質費用 () () () ()土地 () () () ()勞動*時間趨勢 () ()物質費用*時間趨勢 () ()土地*時間趨勢 () ()時間趨勢 () () () ()時間平方() () () ()常數項 () () () ()AR(1) Overall R2 Wald chi2(N)2054 1782 1956Probchi200 0 0 樣本　540　598 　568 　598注： ( )內表示z值。減少勞動力數量可以提高勞均資源稟賦的占有量，從而提高勞動生產率。張煥明，2004，擴展的Solow模型的應用——我國經濟增長的地區性差異與趨同，經濟學（季刊），第3卷第3期，第605618頁。參考文獻： Bhattacharjee, ., 1955, Resource Use and Productivity in World Agriculture , Journal of Farm Economic, Vol. 37, pp5771.Blinder, ., 1973, Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimations, Journal of Human Resources, (4), pp436455.Block, ., 1995, The recovery of agricultural productivity in subSaharan Africa , Food Policy, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp385405.Cotton, J., 1988, On the Deposition of Wage Differentials, Review of Economics and Statistics, (2), pp236243.Denison， ., 1985, Trends in American Economic Growth,19291982, Washington: Brooking Institution.Dillon, ., and Hardaker, ., 1993, Farm management research for small farmer development , FAO Farm Systems Management Series, Vol. 6, Rome.Fan, S. and Zhang, X., 2002, Production and Productivity Growth in Chinese Agriculture: New National and Regional Measures , Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 50, pp819838.Fan, S., 1991, Effects of Technological Change and Institutional Reform on Production Growth in Chinese Agriculture , American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 73, , pp266275.Fan, S., Zhang, L., and Zhang, X., 2004, Reforms, Investment, and Poverty in Rural China , Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 52, pp395421.Fan, Shenggen, and Pardey, Philip, 1992, Agricultural Reseach in China: Its Institutional Development and Impact, Hague, International Service for National Agricultural Reseach, 96.Hayami, Y. and Ruttan，., 1985, Agricultural Development: An International Perspective ，John Hopkins Studies in Development, Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. Huang, Y., 1998, Agricultural Reform in China: Getting Institutions Right. London: Cambridge University Press.Lin, J. Y., 1992, Rural reforms and agricultural growth in China , American Economic Review, Vol. 82, No. 1, pp3451.McErlean, S. and Wu, Z. 2003, Regional Agricultural Labour Productivity Convergence in China, China Agricultural Economic Review, , , pp239251.McMillan, J., Whalley, J., and Zhu, L., 1989, The impact of China’s economic reforms on agricultural productivity growth , Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 97, No. 4, pp781807.Nelson, ., 1968, A Diffusion Model of International Productivity Differences in Manufacturing Industry , American Economic Review, Vol. 58, pp12191248.Oaxaca, R., 1973, Malefemale Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets, International Economic Review, , , pp693709.Sicular, T., 1993, Ten Years of Reform: Progress and Setbacks in Agricultural Planning and Pricing , In: Kuech, Y. Y. and Ash,R F. (Eds)., Economic Trends in Chinese Agriculture, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Solow, ., 1956, A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 70, pp6594.Yao, S., and Liu, Z., 1992, Determinants of Grain Production and Technical Efficiency in China , Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol, 49, No. 2, pp171226.Zhang, B., and Carter, ., 1997, Reforms, the weather, and productivity growth in China’s grain sector , American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 79, No. 4, pp12661277.蔡昉，林毅夫，2003，中國經濟，北京：中國財政經濟出版社。具體而言，各地區資源稟賦中，土地對地區農業勞動生產率差異的貢獻份額最小，物質投入對農業勞動生產率地區差異的貢獻份額最大，勞動投入對地區農業勞動生產率差異的貢獻在中西部地區的比較中表現顯著。因此，增加西部地區的農業基礎設施投入應該成為西部地區提高勞動生產率的重要有效途徑。但作為農業生產的重要投入要素，物質投入的彈性系數非常小，大致可以歸納為兩種原因：一是，物質投入已足夠多，其投入的再增加對產出的增長已經發揮不了太大的作用；二是，投入過少，還沒有足夠發揮出物質投入的重要作用。如果將二者割離，由于Edu是平均受教育年限的增長率，這種方法將教育帶來的人力資本的提高通過勞動力人數加權反映；而Edu本身并非反映人力資本的積累，分解得到的Edu帶來的差異并不能有效反映地區人力資本差異帶來的勞動率差異。在中西部地區差異分解過程中，雖然在自然資源稟賦土地和物質投入兩方面西部地區表現出較大劣勢，但是西部地區勞動力資源稟賦較中部地區表現出非常突出的優勢，使得中西部地區的特征值差異所帶來的地區總體差異表現為負值，即西部地區的總體資源稟賦優于中部地區。　表5：地區差異分解結果　東中部地區比較　　東西部地區比較　　中西部地區比較　Ln(Y/L)差異 特征值造成的差異 () () ()勞動 () () ()中間物質投入 () () ()土地 () () ()時間趨勢 () ()時間趨勢平方 () ()系數和常數項等造成的差異　　 ()　 ()　 ()注：（）內表示份額，單位：%。 通過BlinderOaxaca和Cotton分解，可以得到相關