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【正文】 nFood . We SHOULD not use :eats rdfs:range :VegetarianFood 第 1章 基礎知識 31 OWL ? 與 Class相關的結構 ? owl:equivalentClass ? owl:disjointWith ? :Boys owl:disjointWith :Girls ? owl:plementOf ? :Boys owl:plementOf :Non_Boys ? owl:unionOf, owl:intersectionOf, owl:oneOf ? owl:Restriction is used to define a class whose members have certain restrictions a property ? owl:someValuesFrom ? owl:allValuesFrom ? owl:hasValue owl:hasValue ?:HighPriorityIt owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ?，F在可以給出答案。 ? 數據集 “F”原來沒有這個信息，通過與數據集“ “A”合并。 owl:onProperty :eats 。 foaf:mbox ?mbox } } 第 1章 基礎知識 值限制 PREFIX dc: PREFIX ns: SELECT ?title ?price WHERE { ?x ns:price ?price . FILTER ?price 30 . ?x dc:title ?title . } prefix dc: . prefix : . prefix ns: . :book1 dc:title SPARQL Tutorial . :book1 ns:price 42 . :book2 dc:title The Semantic Web . :book2 ns:price 23 . title price The Semantic Web 23 Data Query Query Result 第 1章 基礎知識 53 能夠使用正規表達式 PREFIX dc: PREFIX ldap: PREFIX foaf: SELECT ?name ?name2 { ?doc dc:title ?title . FILTER regex(?title, “SPARQL”) . ?doc dc:creator ?reseacher . ?researcher ldap: ? . ?researcher ldap:name ?name } ? “Find the name and addresses of authors of a paper about SPARQL” 第 1章 基礎知識 可選圖形模式 PREFIX dc: PREFIX ns: SELECT ?title ?price WHERE { ?x dc:title ?title . OPTIONAL { ?x ns:price ?price . FILTER ?price 30 }} prefix dc: . prefix : . prefix ns: . :book1 dc:title SPARQL Tutorial . :book1 ns:price 42 . :book2 dc:title The Semantic Web . :book2 ns:price 23 . title price “SPARQL Tutorial“ The Semantic Web 23 Data Query Query Result 第 1章 基礎知識 多重選擇塊 PREFIX foaf: SELECT ?name ?mbox ?hpage WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name . OPTIONAL { ?x foaf:mbox ?mbox }. OPTIONAL { ?x foaf:homepage ?hpage } } prefix foaf: . prefix rdf: . prefix rdfs: . _:a foaf:name Alice . _:a foaf:homepage . _:b foaf:name Bob . _:b foaf:mbox mailto: . Data Query Query Result name Mbox hpage “Alice“ “Bob“ mailto: 第 1章 基礎知識 可選圖模式 PREFIX dc10: PREFIX dc11: SELECT ?x ?y WHERE { { ?book dc10:title ?x } UNION { ?book dc11:title ?y } } prefix dc10: . prefix dc11: . _:a dc10:title SPARQL Query Language Tutorial . _:b dc11:title SPARQL Protocol Tutorial . _:c dc10:title SPARQL . _:c dc11:title SPARQL (updated) . Data Query Query Result x y SPARQL (updated) SPARQL Protocol Tutorial SPARQL SPARQL Query Language Tutorial 第 1章 基礎知識 RDF 數據集 RDF data stores may hold multiple RDF graphs: – record information about each graph – queries that involve information from more than one graph – RDF Dataset in SPARQL terminology – the background graph, which does not have a name, and zero or more named graphs, identified by URI reference the relationship between named and background graphs: – (i) to have information in the background graph that includes provenance information about the named graphs (the application is not directly trusting the information in the named graphs ) – (ii) to include the information in the named graphs in the background graph as well. 第 1章 基礎知識 RDF數據集 命名圖和背景圖的關系 Background graph prefix dc: . dc:publisher Bob . dc:publisher Alice . Graph: prefix foaf: . _:a foaf:name Bob . _:a foaf:mbox mailto: . Graph: prefix foaf: . _:a foaf:name Alice . _:a foaf:mbox mailto: . 第 1章 基礎知識 RDF數據集 命名圖和背景圖的關系 Background graph prefix foaf: . _:x foaf:name Bob . _:x foaf:mbox mailto: . _:y foaf:name Alice . _:y foaf:mbox mailto: . Graph: prefix foaf: . _:a foaf:name Bob . _:a foaf:mbox mailto: . Graph: prefix foaf: . _:a foaf:name Alice . _:a foaf:mbox mailto: . 第 1章 基礎知識 查詢數據集 Graph: prefix foaf: . prefix rdf: . prefix rdfs: . _:a foaf:name Alice . _:a foaf:mbox mailto: . _:a foaf:knows _:b . _:b rdfs:seeAlso . rdf:type foaf:PersonalProfileDocument . _:b foaf:name Bob . _:b foaf:mbox mailto: . _:b foaf:age 32 . Graph: prefix foaf: . prefix rdf: . prefix rdfs: . _:1 foaf:mbox mailto: . _:1 rdfs:seeAlso . _:1 foaf:age 35 . rdf:type foaf:PersonalProfileDocument . 第 1章 基礎知識 查詢數據集 訪問圖形標記 PREFIX foaf: SELECT ?src ?bobAge WHERE { GRAPH ?src { ?x foaf:mbox mailto: . ?x foaf:age ?bobAge } } src bobAge 32 35 第 1章 基礎知識 查詢數據集 由圖形標記限制 PREFIX foaf: PREFIX data: SELECT ?age WHERE { GRAPH data:bobFoaf { ?x foaf:mbox mailto: . ?x foaf:age ?age } } age 35 第 1章 基礎知識 查詢數據集 查詢模式限制 PREFIX data: PREFIX foaf: PREFIX rdf: PREFIX rdfs: SELECT ?mbox ?age ?ppd WHERE { GRAPH data:aliceFoaf { ?alice foaf:mbox mailto: 。 基于一個特定版本的 Simple Features / GML，可以實現支持圖形模式的 RDFS/OWL一致的幾何類型的分級 。 “ POINT( )”^^ogc:WKTLiteral European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) maintains a set of CRS identifiers. WGS84 longitude – latitude is the default CRS “POINT( )”^^ogc:WKTLiteral ogc:WKTLiteral 73 第 1章 基礎知識 所有 ogc:GMLLiterals應包括一個元素，它來自于根據GM_Object的子類實現的 GML模式 [OGC 07036]。 [ a owl:Restriction。 ? 為此，可加入更多的知識： （ 1） a:author same as f: