antonymy-and-hyponymy(更新版)

　　

【正文】 n see the word food is a general term, linguistically called a superordinate term, ., it includes all the other terms listed underneath it. Meat, vegetable, and fruit are specific terms and they are all hyponyms / subordinate terms of food. ? What is the relationship between pork, beef and meat? Activity ? Can you draw a treediagram to illustrate the relationship of these words? ? horse, dog, pig ? animal ? plant ? mare, hound , boar ? creature ? living things ? insect ? Vegetable, flower, tree ? cockroach ? cabbage, rose, pine ? Hyponymy reflects a relationship between culture and language: ? 英文中 carry無下義詞 ? 中文：扛，荷，挑，抬，擔，背，馱，負，提，拎，挎 ? Hyponymy and synonymy ? Hyponymy: semantic inclusion ? Synonymy: semantic similarity ? . ? Go walk, ride, run, fly ? Go: advance, move, proceed, progress, rise ? Walk: amble, saunter, stride, stroll, strut, swagger, waddle ? Run: canter, gallop, jog, lope, pace, race, sprint, trot ? Role of hyponymy: ? The sense relation of hyponymy is very helpful in both receptive and productive processing of language. In reading prehension, coherence by hyponymy is an important key: ? . ? There was a fine rockingchair that his father used to sit in, a desk where he wrote letters, a nest of small tables and a dark, imposing bookcase. Now all this furniture was to be sold, and with it his own past. ? In production, knowing the semantic features of the hyponyms and their superordinates can help us achieve vividness, exactness, and concreteness. Consider the following two pairs of sentences: ? Trees surround the water near our summer place. ? Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin. ? I met a writer who is the relation of a politician. ? I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley. ? It is not too difficult to judge that in each pair, sentence [b] is better than sentence [a] , because in [b] the writer uses subordinates, which are concrete and precise, presenting a vivid verbal picture before the reader whereas in [a] the words used are superordinates, which convey only a general and vague idea. 。 Antonymy