外文翻譯---邁向智能網絡系統(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內容簡介】 bled emerce applications like eBay and Amazon have emerged in this trend to buy and sell products online. In those applications users need to input new data and access and modify existing data on a web browser to be processed by the server side applications. Many trusted web service providers use the SSL or the encrypted channel so that safe and secure munication can take place both ways. As web gained popularity fast, web was flooded with rich materials of all sorts. But because of the lack of information (metadata) about information this storehouse of information can not be categorized and sorted easily. Without metadata, sophisticated and powerful algorithms are required by the search engines to parse the keywords requested by the user for screen scraping and knowledge discovery. There is a need for improving the knowledge discovery in the web along with its expansion. Web is the future vision of the World Wide Web where the individual web sites can be connected into an interoperable knowledge whole. For web to be Web enabled, semantics of the web contents need to be added, in order to process and integrate data by the puters. Semantic web is a web of databases and not of documents. The automatic information organization problem of the web has led to the development of another new technology. HTML which is a data 5 presentation language is not good for data exchange which requires giving meaning to the data for machine processing. Extensible Markup Language (XML) has emerged for annotating web resources or data with metadata, in a structured plain text format. XML being a plain text format is both human and machine readable and flexible enough to support data exchange for applications developed for any platform involving different hardware, operating systems and programming languages. XML provides a way of transferring data to PCs, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and cellular phones alike. Java Script can read XML files and display the content on the web dynamically. With Ajax (Asynchronous Java Script and XML), web applications can municate with each other and display dynamic content retrieved from the background server asynchronously without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page. XML has bee a very successful and ubiquitous web technology for structuring data and for its plain text format. Because of the use of XML, it has been necessary to segregate the web site design anddevelopment into separate presentation layer by HTML and content layer by XML. As XML facilitates adding metadata or semantics of the data, web contents can be machine readable and web applications can be interoperable. Still a standard framework for adding semantic to the web content is required for automatic interchange of data between any two systems. Many frameworks and protocols have emerged to set standards for adding metadata to the web for creating an interoperable web system. The next section explores which technologies have emerged in transforming the grand vision of Tim BarnersLee’s, of changing the nonsemantic web (Web , Web ) into semantic web (Web ) and how far the