馬龍年產18萬平方米模板生產線建設項目可行性研究報告(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內容簡介】 he affected person di ed. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evi dence. So when another outbreak hi t London i n 1845, he was ready to begi n his enqui ry. As the disease spread qui ckl y through poor neighborhoods, he began to gather i nform ati on. In two parti cul ar strets, the chol era outbreak was so severe that m ore than 500 peopl e di ed i n ten days. He was determi ned to fi nd out why. Fi rst he m arked on a m ap the exact pl aces where al l the dead peopl e had li ved. Thi s gave him a val uabl e cl ue about the cause of the di sease. Many of the deaths were near the water pum p i n Broad Street (especi al y num bers 16, 37, 38 and 40) . H e al so noti ced that som e houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cam bri dge Stret) had had no deaths. H e had not foresen thi s, so he made further i nvesti gati ons. H e di scovered that these peopl e worked i n the pub at 7 Cam bri dge Street. They had been gi ven free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pum p. It seem ed that the water was to bl am e. Next, John Snow l ooked i nto the source of the water for these two streets. H e found that i t cam e from the ri ver pol uted by the di rty water from London. H e imm edi atel y tol d the astoni shed peopl e i n Broad Stret to rem ove the handl e from the pum p so that i t coul d not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. H e had shown that chol era was spread by germ s and not i n a cl oud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporti ng evi dence from two other deaths that were l i nked to the Broad Street outbreak. A wom an, who had m oved away from Broad Street, li ked the water from the pum p so much that she had i t deli vered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter di ed of chol era after dri nki ng the water. Wi th this extra evi dence John Snow was abl e to announce with certainty that pol uted water carri ed the vi rus. To prevent thi s from happeni ng agai n, John Snow suggested that the source of al the water suppl i es be exami ned. The water pani es were i nstructed not to expose peopl e to pol uted water any m ore. Final y “Ki ng Chol era” was defeated. COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONARY TH EORY N icol aus Copernicus was fri ghtened and hi s mi nd was confused. Al though he had tri ed to i gnore them , al l hi s m athem ati cal cal cul ati ons l ed to the sam e concl usi on: that the earth was not the centre of the sol ar system. O nl y i f you put the sun there di d the m ovem ents of the other pl as in the sky m ake sense. Yet he coul d not tel l anyone about hi s theory as the powerful Chri sti an Church woul d have puni shed him for even suggesti ng such an i dea. They bel i eved God had m ade the worl d and for that reason the earth was speci al and m ust be the centre of the sol ar system. The probl em arose because astronom ers had noticed that som e pl as in the sky seem ed to stop, m ove backward and then go forward i n the l oop. O thers appeared bri ghter at tim es and l es bri ght at others. Thi s was very strange i f the earth was the centre of the sol ar system and al pl as went round i t. Coperni cus had thought l ong and hard about these probl ems and tri ed to fi nd an answer. H e had col ected observati ons of the stars and used al hi s m athematical knowl edge to expl ai n them. But onl y his new theory coul d do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradual ly i m provi ng hi s theory unti l he felt i t was pl ete. In 1514 he showed i t pri vatel y to hi s fri ends. The changes he m ade to the ol d theory were revol utionary. H e pl aced a fi xed sun at the centre of the sol ar system with the pl as goi ng round i t and onl y the m oon sti l goi ng round the earth. He al so suggested that the earth was spi nni ng as i t went round the sun and this expl ai ned changes i n the movem ent of the pl as and i n the bri ghtness of the stars. H is fri ends were enthusi asti c and encouraged him to publ ish hi s i deas, but Coperni cus was cauti ous. H e di d not want to be atacked by the Chri sti an Church, so he onl y publi shed i t as he l ay dyi ng i n 1543. Certai nly he was ri ght to be careful . The Chri sti an Church rejected hi s theory, sayi ng i t was agai nst God’s i dea and peopl e who supported i t woul d be attacked. Yet Coperni cus’ theory i s now the basi s on whi ch al l our i deas of the universe are buil t. H is theory repl aced the Chri sti an i dea of gravi ty, whi ch sai d things tel to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the uni verse. Coperni cus showed thi s was obvi ousl y wrong. N ow peopl e can see that there is a di rect l ink betwen hi s theory and the work of Isaac N ewton, Al bert Ei nstei n and Stephen Hawki ng. Unit 2 PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPH Y People m any wonder why di fferent words are used to descri be these four countri es: Engl and, Wal es, Scotl and and N orthern Ireland. You can cl ari fy thi s questi on i f you study Briti sh history. Fi rst there was Engl and. W al es was l inked to i t i n the thi rteenth century. Now when people refer to Engl and you fi nd Wal es i ncl uded as wel. N ext England and Wal es were joi ned to Scotl and i n the seventeenth century and the nam e was changed to “Great Britai n”. H appi l y thi s was ac pl ished wi thout confli ct when Ki ng Jam es of Scotland becam e Ki ng of Engl and and Wales as wel l. Fi nal l y the Engli sh governm ent tri ed i n the earl y twenti eth century to form the Uni ted Ki ngdom by getting Irel and connected i n the sam e peaceful way. H owever, the southern part of Irel and was unwil li ng and broke away to form its own governm ent. So onl y N orthern Irel and joi ned wi th Engl and, Wal es and Scotl and to be e the Uni ted Ki ngdom and thi s was shown to the worl d i n a new fl ag cal l ed the Uni on Jack. To thei r credi t the four countries do work toget