黃金29篇真題經典難句收集__by_saavedro(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內容簡介】 ess characteristics that provide them with an advantage in the struggle for existence are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the next generation. 59. Because aggressive individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce, whatever genes are linked to aggressive behavior are more likely to be transmitted to subsequent generations. 60. One is that people39。s capacity to outwit other species, not their aggressiveness, appears to be the dominant factor in human survival. 61. Another is that there is too much variation among people to believe that they are dominated by, or at the mercy of, aggressive impulses. 62. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justifiedas during wartimeare likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively. 63. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people39。s motives. 64. Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior. 65. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time. 66. Goods produced by factories were not as finished or elegant as those done by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way to the pressure to increase rates of productivity. 67. Factory life necessitated a more regimented schedule, where work began at the sound of a bell and workers kept machines going at a constant pace. 68. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was anized。 it transformed the very nature of work. 69. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor39。s strength collapsed. 70. More than a decade of agitation did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 1850’s, and the courts also recognized workers39。 right to strike, but these gains had little immediate impact. 71. Interestingly enough, several of these hydrodynamic adaptations resemble features designed to improve the aerodynamics of highspeed aircraft. 72. They are also covered with a slick, transparent lid that reduces drag. 73. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours. 74. The keels, finlets, and corselet help direct the flow of water over the body surface in such as way as to reduce resistance (see the figure). 75. One potential problem is that opening the mouth to breathe detracts from the streamlining of these fishes and tends to slow them down. 76. Their high, narrow tails with sweptback tips are almost perfectly adapted to provide propulsion with the least possible effort. 77. They can glide past eddies that would slow them down and then gain extra thrust by pushing off the eddies. 78. They have evolved special heaters of modified muscle tissue that warm the eyes and brain, maintaining peak performance of these critical ans. 79. Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct themclay, glass, wood, fiber, and metalit was once mon to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the applied arts. 80. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. 81. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of appliedart objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. 82． What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object39。s primary function. 83. These are problems that must be overe by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. 84. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor39。s aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there. 85. That this device was a necessary structural promise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze). 86. Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century often treat materials in new ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts remains relatively constant. 87. It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say that practitioners of the fine arts work to overe the limitations of their materials, whereas those engaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials. 88. This paper money aristocracy of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nation39。s virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. 89. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the petitive, changing society。 the plex dealing。 the dominance of urban centers。 and the loss of independence that came with it. 90. Nor did the Wh