專升本考試輔導語法(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內容簡介】 plus, besides, in addition to, no less than， 由 more than one…或者 many a …作主語，表示“許多”，但謂語動詞要用單數。 1) More than one student has passed the examination. 2) Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. “ one of + 復數名詞＋定語從句”：復數。 “ the only one of + 復數名詞＋定語從句”：單數 1) She is one of the engineers who are good at English. 2) She is the only one of the engineers who is good at English. 七、非謂語動詞 ? 不定式 ? 分詞 ? 動名詞 參見 B級相關語法 七 (一）不定式 ? 后面 + to do 的動詞 : (后面接不定式做賓語） afford, agree, ask, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, decline, seek, swear, wish, aim, long, strive, tend, fail, think, threaten, care, hate, prepare, undertake, help, want, hesitate, propose, plan, seem。 后面接 sb. + to do: advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, encourage, expect(要求 ), forbid, hire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn。 ? 固定詞組 ，作獨立成分： to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to get (back) to the point, to put it another way, to tell the truth。 動詞 + how / what / where / which / when/why + to do ? 有些動詞后面跟不定式時，不定式前需要加疑問詞，如 how, when, why ,where, whether, which等。 這些動詞有： know, wonder, find out, guess, discuss等。 ? The old man fot how to get home after he left the shop. ? The leader concerned told the news reporters frankly that he did not know whom_______ for the accident caused by fake wine. A. is blame B. to blame C. blames D. will blame ? 在“名詞（代詞） +be +easy (difficult, fit) + 不定式”結構中，有時盡管句中主語是動作的承受者，不定式在意義上是被動的，形式上卻是主動的。 The book is difficult to read. The path is easy to find. （參見被動語態部分） ? 有些動詞后面加不帶 to 的動詞不定式： had better, would rather, may/might as well, can’t help but ? do nothing but/except… ? do anything /everything but/except … 1. my sister could do nothing else but read books. 當 but/except前沒有 do時，后面則接 to do sth 2. I had no choice but to go with him. 注：有 do 沒 to, 沒 do 有 to . 并不是所有的 to 都是動詞不定式。下面的to 是介詞，以下是固定搭配。 ? attribute…to（歸因于 ) ? apply…to（致力于） ? accustom…to (使習慣于 ) ? confine…to (限于 …范圍內 ) ? dedicate…to（奉獻） ? prefer…to （喜歡） ? Owe…to （歸功于） ? be accustomed to （慣于） ? be used to （習慣于，適應于） ? be devoted to （致力于） ? look forward to （盼望） ? be similar to （類似） ? be loyal to （忠于） ? be superior to （優于、勝過） ? answer to（回答、答復） ? key to （解答，關鍵） ? According to（根據，按照） ? As to（關于） ? Thanks to （由于，多虧） ? In addition to （除 … 之外） 固定搭配練習： 1. You must accustom yourself to ___( get ) up early. 2. We are looking forward to _____(see) you again. 3. He used to _____(smoke ) a pipe. 七（二）現在分詞 現在分詞的形式跟動名詞一樣 : ing 過去分詞的形式 : ed. ? 現在分詞表示“主動”、“進行” 。 ? 過去分詞表示“被動”、“完成”。 主動語態： ? doing（一般式）， having done（完成式） 被動語態： ? being done（一般式） , ? having been done（完成式） ? 下列結構后面通常接 ing 形式： it is no use + doing sth. it is no good + doing sth. it is no help + doing sth. It is not worth + doing sth. it 作形式主語，動名詞做真正的主語。 但在 it is of no use 后面則用動詞不定式。 例如： It is of no use to cry over spilt milk. 下列結構后面通常接 ing 形式 : have a hard time doing… have difficulty (in) doing … have trouble （ in） doing… have fun (in) doing… there is no point (in) doing… take risks (in) doing … take pleasure (in) doing… take pride (in) doing… 后面加 doing 的常見動詞有： avoid, admit, delay, enjoy, risk, f