微觀經濟學課件中英(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內容簡介】 ms copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The Production Possibilities Frontier 生產可能性邊界 Quantity of Computers Produced Quantity of Cars Produced 3,000 1,000 2,000 2,200 A 700 600 300 0 1,000 B C D Production possibilities frontier 電腦產量 汽車產量 生產 可能性邊界 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Concepts Illustrated by the Production Possibilities Frontier u Efficiency u Tradeoffs u Opportunity Cost u Economic Growth Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 生產可能性邊界闡明的概念 u 效率 u 權衡取舍 u 機會成本 u 經濟增長 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 4,000 The Production Possibilities Frontier Quantity of Computers Produced Quantity of Cars Produced 3,000 2,000 A 700 0 1,000 E 2,100 750 An outward shift in the production possibilities frontier Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 4,000 生產可能性邊界 計算機產量 汽車產量 3,000 2,000 A 700 0 1,000 E 2,100 750 生產可能性邊界 向外移動 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Microeconomics and Macroeconomics u Microeconomics focuses on the individual parts of the economy. u How households and firms make decisions and how they interact in specific markets u Macroeconomics looks at the economy as a whole. u How the markets, as a whole, interact at the national level. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 微觀經濟學與宏觀經濟學 u 微觀經濟學 的研究對象是經濟中的個體。 u 家庭和企業如何作出決策，以及他們如何在特定市場上相互交易。 u 宏觀經濟學 研究經濟總體現象。 u 從總體上看，各種市場在國家水平上如何相互影響。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Two Roles of Economists 經濟學家的兩個角色 u When they are trying to explain the world, they are scientists. 當他們努力去解釋世界時，他們是科學家。 u When they are trying to change the world, they are policymakers. 當他們想要改變世界時，他們是政策顧問。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Positive versus Normative Analysis u Positive statements are statements that describe the world as it is. u Called descriptive analysis u Normative statements are statements about how the world should be. u Called prescriptive analysis Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 實證分析與規范分析 u 實證表述 是企圖描述世界是什么的觀點。 u 被稱為描述性分析。 u 規范表述 是企圖描述世界應該如何運行的觀點。 u 被稱為命令性分析。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. ? ? Positive or Normative Statements? 實證性還是規范性表述？ An increase in the minimum wage will cause a decrease in employment among the leastskilled. 提高最低工資水平會導致最低技能工人的就業減少。 Positive 實證性 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. ? ? ? Positive or Normative Statements? 實證性還是規范性表述？ Higher federal budget deficits will cause interest rates to increase. 較高的聯邦赤字水平會導致利率上升。 Positive 實證性 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. ? ? ? ? Positive or Normative Statements? 實證性還是規范性表述？ The ine gains from a higher minimum wage are worth more than any slight reductions in employment. 提高最低工資水平得到的利益比由此帶來的稍微的