淺談老年人住宅設(shè)計(jì)與室內(nèi)環(huán)境(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 坐、靠的座椅或沙發(fā)，配套方便老人放置手中物品的茶幾或小桌面。家具應(yīng)以圓滑、牢固的造型為主，以免在老人用力或身體出現(xiàn)不平衡時(shí)失去足夠的依托，并盡量把標(biāo)高設(shè)在方便拿取物品的 50～ 180cm 之間。 1）打造方便、 流暢的空間 對(duì)于老人來(lái)說(shuō)，流暢的空間可讓他們行走和拿取物品更加方便，這就要求家中的家具盡量靠墻而立，家具的樣式宜低矮，便于他們?nèi)》盼锲贰４矐?yīng)設(shè)置在靠近門(mén)的地方，方便老人夜晚入廁。可折疊、帶輪子等機(jī)動(dòng)性強(qiáng)的家具，一不小心就容易對(duì)老人造成傷害。因此家具選擇上，宜選穩(wěn)定的單件家具，固定式家具是較好的選擇。零散物品容易絆倒老人，最常見(jiàn)的是散亂的電線(xiàn)等，可以用掛鉤加以固定、讓空間既清爽又安全。 2）選用防滑地材 老人身體狀況再好，摔倒等情況對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)還是非常危險(xiǎn)的。浴室是最容易發(fā)生意外的地方，因?yàn)樗畾鈺?huì)造成地面濕滑 。浴室的地面一定要選擇防滑材料，小塊的馬賽克鋪貼的浴室地面比其他材料更能防滑。此外，市面上出售的各種防滑墊也是老人的好伙伴。可將其放置在浴室門(mén)口、浴缸內(nèi)外側(cè)。居室的地板也最好選擇防滑材質(zhì)。否則光滑的地磚或木地板一旦不小心灑上了水，就極容易使老人滑倒。對(duì)于已鋪設(shè)了一般地磚或木地板的家庭，可以再選購(gòu)幾塊裝飾地毯，既美化了空間，又保證了老人的安全。 3）設(shè)置安全扶手和淋浴座椅 對(duì)于老人來(lái)說(shuō)，再多的安全保障都不為過(guò)。隨著年事漸高，許多老人開(kāi)始行動(dòng)不便，起身、坐下、彎腰都成為困難的動(dòng)作。除了家人適當(dāng)?shù)財(cái)v扶外，設(shè)置于墻 壁的輔助扶手更成為他們的好幫手。選用防水材質(zhì)的扶手裝置在浴缸邊、馬桶與洗面盆兩側(cè)，可令行動(dòng)不便的老人生活更自如。此外，馬桶上裝置自動(dòng)沖洗設(shè)備，可免除老人回身擦拭的麻煩，對(duì)老人來(lái)說(shuō)十分實(shí)用。另外，老人不能久站，因此在淋浴區(qū)沿墻設(shè)置可折疊的座椅，既能節(jié)省老人體力，不用時(shí)收起又可節(jié)省空間。 4）營(yíng)建成熟、穩(wěn)重的氛圍 老年人的居室窗簾可選用提花布、織錦布等，厚重、素雅的質(zhì)地和圖案，以及華麗的編 織手法，也能體現(xiàn)出老人成熟、穩(wěn)重的智者風(fēng)范。此外，厚重的窗簾帶來(lái)穩(wěn)定的睡眠環(huán)境，對(duì)于老人的身體大有好處。深淺搭配的色澤十分適 用于老人的居室。如深胡桃木色的家具可用于床、櫥柜與茶幾等單件家具上，而寢具、裝飾布及墻壁等的色澤則以淺色調(diào)為宜，這樣，單個(gè)居室看起來(lái)既和諧雅致，又透露著長(zhǎng)者成熟的氣質(zhì)。 照明盡可能地多使用自然光。人工光環(huán)境的設(shè)置，則應(yīng)按基礎(chǔ)照明與裝飾照明相結(jié)合的方案來(lái)進(jìn)行。其中，基礎(chǔ)照明必須選用顯色性好的優(yōu)良光源，盡量避免使用頻閃嚴(yán)重的劣質(zhì)光源。房間照度需提高 2 倍以上，不宜用眩光，采用時(shí)應(yīng)加以限制。 1） 提高室內(nèi)照度 老年人需要更多的光，特別是觀(guān)察明暗對(duì)比度較低的目標(biāo)，日本學(xué)者橫田健治經(jīng)研究給出了老年人 照明光環(huán)境在不同視覺(jué)情況下相對(duì)于年輕人的照度增加水平 [2]。 2） 改善房間亮度的均勻性 老年人的眼睛對(duì)從亮的環(huán)境到暗的環(huán)境或者從暗的環(huán)境到亮的環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力較弱，應(yīng)避免光的亮度突變。根據(jù)橫田健治的研究，對(duì)于照度較低的照明環(huán)境照度水平增加的幅度較大，而照度較高的照明光環(huán)境照度水平增加幅度相對(duì)較小，以避免由于高亮均勻性降低而導(dǎo)致對(duì)光的適應(yīng)能力減弱。 3） 避免產(chǎn)生眩光 應(yīng)采光多光源照明來(lái)達(dá)到較高的照度，為增加照度的均勻性和避免眩光，不宜采用單個(gè)過(guò)度的燈照明，同時(shí)還應(yīng)做好燈具的遮光處理。 4） 選用顯 色性好的電光源 老年人對(duì)色差的識(shí)別能力減弱，對(duì)于色調(diào)較接近的色彩，如紅色和橙色、藍(lán)色和綠色區(qū)分能力減弱，選用顯色性較好的電光源有利于老年人對(duì)室內(nèi)色彩的正確分辯。白熾燈的顯色性較好，但由于它的色濕較低，房間照度值過(guò)高時(shí)使人產(chǎn)生不舒適的感覺(jué)，并且不節(jié)能，因而宜用熒光燈（包括管形、緊湊型、環(huán)形，有條件的可選用三基色熒光燈）作為房間一般照明，白熾燈作為局部照明。當(dāng)然，老年人居住環(huán)境的照明應(yīng)注意光色的搭配，最好考慮布置了2~3 個(gè)層次冷暖搭配的燈，并具有調(diào)光功能，以便根據(jù)不同季節(jié)、不同心情、不同視覺(jué)需要進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O謝謝！！！ Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the sevenday Chinese 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O謝謝！！！ National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may bee more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and acmodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also mon that you39。 ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the uping Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the remended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of geous colors all the year round the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the country39。s largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightlycolored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country es earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints