四級(jí)閱讀完型英語(yǔ)詞匯閱讀練習(xí)附答案部分附講解及翻譯(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 詞的理解和應(yīng)用。另外一 個(gè)較為明顯的區(qū)別就是，篇章詞匯是集合式選項(xiàng)，所有的選項(xiàng)都集中在一起；而完形填空是分組式選項(xiàng)，各道題目的選項(xiàng)互不干擾。 篇章詞匯 VS 詞匯題 篇章詞匯與原來(lái)的老題型詞匯題相比，更注重對(duì)詞匯的實(shí)際運(yùn)用的考查，從單一的一句話考查上升到篇章的理解。 （三） There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested inspelling .No school I have taught in has ever _____ spelling or considered it unimportantas a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or howmuch _____ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. Theproblem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _____ in writing without holding him back with the plexities of spelling?If spelling bee the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a __4__child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid __5__ language. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use ofdictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing abouta personal experience ： “ This work is __7__ !There are far too many spelling errors andyour writing is illegible( 難以辨認(rèn)的 ).” It may have been a sharP__8__ of the pupil’stechnical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omittedto read the essay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child’s teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centredon the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would havegiven the pupil more __10__ to seek improvement. A)priority B)criticism C)contained D)clearlyE)adventurous F ） discourage G)motivation H)terribleI)ignored J)difficult K)encourage L)expressedM)confidently N)bright O)motive L)expressed Answers: 1. 選 I ）。 由該句中的 has 可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，且表達(dá)的含義應(yīng)和后面的 consider…unimportant 相近，故應(yīng)排除 contained 和 expressed 而選擇 ignored 。 2. 選 A ）。 此處應(yīng)填名詞，但能與后面 over 構(gòu)成固定搭配的名詞只有 priority ，故排除 了 criticism 和 motivation 。 3. 選 M). 由空格前面的 and 可知，此處應(yīng)填副詞和 freely 并列。從句意來(lái)理解，在沒有拼寫困難的情況下，怎樣鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生自由且 …… 地表達(dá)自己，選項(xiàng)中只有 confidently “自信地 “符合題意。 4. 選 N ）。 很明顯這里應(yīng)填形容詞，選項(xiàng)中 terrible ， difficult 后接事物名詞 something ，只有 adventurous 和 bright 可用來(lái)形容 somebody （ child )，再由后面的 play safe“不冒險(xiǎn) ”，可排除 adventurous而選擇 bright。 5. 選 E ）。 由前一句中的 be likely to “ play safe ”和空格前的 avoid可以推知，此處所填詞的意思應(yīng)與 play safe 表達(dá)的意思相反，故選項(xiàng)中只有adventurous 符合題意。 6. 選 K ）。 很明顯此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，可選項(xiàng)有 encourage和 persuade 。由 That’s why 知本句與前一句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，而前一句說(shuō)的是學(xué)生往往會(huì)用他們拼寫范圍內(nèi)的詞寫文章，從而選擇避免用那些不會(huì)的詞，故由此可推知此句應(yīng)理解為老師鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用字典，因此排除 persuade 而選encourage。 7. 選 H ）。 此處應(yīng)填形容詞。由空格后面的 too many spelling errors和 illegible 可知，這篇文章是寫的很糟，而不是很難理解。故排除 difficult 而選 terrible。 8. 選 B ）。 此處應(yīng)填名詞。由后半句中 a sad reflection on the teacher可知，前半句是在指責(zé)學(xué)生，故選項(xiàng)中只有 criticism 符合題意。 9. 選 C ）。 此處填動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，本句中由 which 引導(dǎo)的從句是對(duì) essay的解釋，剩余選項(xiàng)中 contained 和 expressed ，根據(jù)句意，文章 …… 兒童內(nèi)心感受的一些好的表達(dá)，故只有 contained 符合題意。 10. 選 G ）。 此處應(yīng)填名詞。根據(jù)句意，如果老師更注重學(xué)生思想的表達(dá)的話，會(huì)給學(xué)生更大的動(dòng)力去尋求提高；故排除 motive “動(dòng)機(jī)，原因 ”而選 motivation 。 導(dǎo)讀： There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in school I have taught in has everI)ignored spelling or considered it unimportant （ Noschool…ever…considered it unimportant… 其中 I have taught in 作定語(yǔ)修飾 school“我教書的學(xué)校 ” ， “ it ” 指代的即為 spelling ， 可以看出作者要說(shuō)的是學(xué)校沒有忽視 spelling ） as a basic skill. There are, however （ 句意 轉(zhuǎn)折說(shuō)明問(wèn)題不在于學(xué)校是否重視拼寫而是 how to teach it… ） , vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how muchA)priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problemis, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and M)confidently in writing with outholding him back with the plexities of spelling?If spelling bee the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a N)bright childwill be likely to “play safe”( 這里的關(guān)鍵是理解 “ play safe” 的意思，從后句 “只寫他會(huì)寫的單詞 ”可以看出他是怕拼錯(cuò)，故 play safe 即為 “為了保險(xiǎn) ” ) . He will tend to write onlywords within his spelling range, choosing to avoid E)adventurous language. That’s whyteachers often K)encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content ratherthan technical ability （ ＝ spelling ability ） .I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personalexperience ： “ This work( 根據(jù)后面一句的解釋，可知 this work 指的是 your writing 故第 7 題填的詞應(yīng)和 illegible 感情色彩保持一致 ) is H)terrible !There are far too many spellingerrors and your writing is illegible( 難以辨認(rèn)的 ).” It may have been a sharPB) criticismof the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection （ 表明了作者不贊同的態(tài)度，他看到的是文章中包含的好的表達(dá)，并且說(shuō)明只有這樣才能激勵(lì)學(xué)生不斷進(jìn)步 ） on theteacher who had omitted to read the essay, which C)contained some beautiful expressions ofthe child’s deePfeelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if hispriorities had centred on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentationwould have given the pupil more G)motivation to seek improvement. 全文翻譯：家長(zhǎng)們普遍認(rèn)為中學(xué)現(xiàn)在已不再關(guān)注單詞的正確拼寫了。但我所教過(guò)的學(xué)校從來(lái)沒有忽視過(guò)拼寫，或就一種基本技能來(lái)說(shuō)從沒有認(rèn)為它不重要。然而對(duì)于怎么來(lái)教拼寫或者是從提高整個(gè)語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展和寫作能力方面來(lái)說(shuō)，把拼寫放在什么樣優(yōu)先的地位存在著許多不同的看法。所存在的問(wèn)題是，在寫作當(dāng)中怎樣鼓勵(lì)孩子不要讓復(fù)雜的拼寫來(lái)影響他流暢地，自信地表達(dá)自己的思想。如果字的拼寫成為老師關(guān)心的惟一焦點(diǎn)，很明顯，聰明的孩子很可能就會(huì) 為 “保險(xiǎn)起見 ”，只寫一些他會(huì)寫的字，避免因冒險(xiǎn)而出錯(cuò)的語(yǔ)言。那就是為什么老師常常鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生很早就要使用字典，而且寫作時(shí)重視內(nèi)容而非拼寫技能。有一次我非常震驚，在一篇描寫個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的感情細(xì)膩的文章后面讀到了這些話： “這篇糟透了！單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤太多。自己很難辨認(rèn)！ ”這對(duì)于一個(gè)學(xué)生的寫作技能也許是一次尖銳的批評(píng)，但它同時(shí)也悲哀地反映出那位老師忽視了去閱讀一篇包含了表達(dá)孩子內(nèi)心感情的文章。老師注意到了這些問(wèn)題并沒有錯(cuò)，但是如果他把重點(diǎn)放在關(guān)注孩子的思想上，只表示出他對(duì)孩子的拼寫錯(cuò)誤有點(diǎn)失望，就會(huì)給學(xué)生更大的動(dòng)力去進(jìn)一步提 高。 （四） Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticismfrom coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessiveamount of __1__ or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological