【統(tǒng)計課件】教育統(tǒng)計學(xué)(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 4 138 124 132 128 136 127 120 125 131 136 127 124 129 129 132 138 125 131 120 121 144 128 133 128 127 130 120 121 122 127 121 125 130 140 121 126 130 122 128 127 125 127 131 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 1. 求全距 (Range,R) 全部數(shù)據(jù)的最大值與最小值之差 例： R =最大值 — 最小值 =144— 115=29 2. 決定組數(shù)與組距 (Intervals and Width) 組數(shù) (k)：分組的個數(shù) (一般 10～ 15為宜 )，具體根據(jù)樣本大小來確定組數(shù)，組數(shù)的確定要與組距同時考慮。例題中決定組數(shù)為 10。 上例： i= 3. 決定組限 每組的最低值為下限，最高值為上限，列出各組組限時，最低一組應(yīng)包括最小的一個數(shù)據(jù)，最高一組應(yīng)包括最大的一個數(shù)據(jù)。 ???組數(shù) RDepartment of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 4. 登記頻數(shù)并計算 用劃“正”字法。將數(shù)據(jù)列入相應(yīng)的組距內(nèi)，在歸組時如遇有的數(shù)據(jù)正好等于某組的組限時，可將它歸入數(shù)據(jù)較大的一組。 5. 計算頻數(shù) (Frequency) 全部數(shù)據(jù)登記完后，把各組次數(shù)寫在頻數(shù)分布表內(nèi)，用“ f”表示。 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 表 師大附小二年級 80個學(xué)生的身高 115 122 124 127 128 129 131 132 133 135 120 122 125 127 128 129 131 132 133 136 120 122 125 127 128 130 131 132 134 136 120 123 125 127 128 130 131 132 134 137 121 124 125 127 128 130 131 132 134 138 121 124 125 127 128 130 131 133 134 138 121 124 126 127 129 131 132 133 135 140 121 124 127 127 129 131 132 133 135 144 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 表 二年級 80個學(xué)生身高的頻數(shù) 身高 (1) 組中值 (2) 頻數(shù) (3) 115 118 121 124 127 130 133 136 139 142 1 3 8 10 20 19 12 4 2 1 總和 80 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 累積頻數(shù)和累積百分比分布表 組中值 Midpoints 頻數(shù) (絕對頻數(shù) )(f) (Absolute) Frequency 相對頻數(shù) (比率 )(rf) Relative Frequency 累積 (絕對 )頻數(shù) (cf) (Absolute) Cumulative Frequency 累積相對頻數(shù) (Rel cf) Relative Cumulative Frequency Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 2. 累積頻數(shù)和累積百分比分布表 表 二年級 80個學(xué)生身高的頻數(shù)、累積頻數(shù)、累積百分比表 身高 組中值 頻數(shù) 相對頻數(shù) 累積頻數(shù) 累積百分比 115 118 121 124 127 130 133 136 139 142 1 3 8 10 20 19 12 4 2 1 .0125 .3750 .1000 .1250 .2500 .2375 .1500 .0500 .0250 .0125 1 4 12 22 42 61 73 77 79 80 100 總和 80 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 統(tǒng)計圖 表示間斷變量的統(tǒng)計圖 1. 直條圖 ?是利用條形的長短比較各種統(tǒng)計指標的大小 。 繪制手續(xù)簡便、表現(xiàn)形式明確、圖形效果良好。 縱排 —— 柱形圖 橫排 —— 帶形圖 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education ?繪制直條圖注意點： ?圖形的尺度必須以零點為起點，同時尺度上的任何單位必須用相等距離表示。 ?條形的長短表示數(shù)量的多少。 ?各條形的寬度必須相等，各條形之間的間隔應(yīng)一致，一般為條形寬度的一半至一倍比較合適。 ?各條形的排列應(yīng)有一定的順序。 ?直條的頂端和下端不要注寫數(shù)字。 ?在復(fù)合條形圖和條形結(jié)構(gòu)圖中應(yīng)采用不同的線紋或顏色加以區(qū)別并加制圖說明。 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 2．圓形圖 ?圓形圖的定義 是一種經(jīng)常用來說明總體結(jié)構(gòu)的圖形 。 一個圓形代表一個完整的總體 ， 圓形內(nèi)的各個扇形相當(dāng)于總體的各個組成部分 。 ?繪制步驟 ?求各組成部分所占百分比 ?求組成部分的中心角度數(shù) ?以圓的下半徑 (或上半徑 )為基線，按被比事物特定順序，根據(jù)各部分的角度數(shù)，以順時針方向，用量角器將圖形分成幾個扇形。 ?用不同線條或不同顏色將各扇形加以區(qū)別，并在各扇形內(nèi)用簡要文字及百分比加以注明。 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 例 將下表 12 的資料制成圖 1 表 某區(qū)幼兒園家長文化程度統(tǒng)計表 文化程度 百分比 圓心角 初中以下 初中 高中、中專 大專以上 % % %