淺談英語定語的漢譯技1(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內容簡介】 在此基礎上才可以準確無誤地理解源語，從而翻譯出 “信為第一” 的譯文。以下我們就來探討后置定語的具體情況以及翻譯：1. 副詞作后置定語（1） People there like singing and dancing.譯：那兒的人們喜歡唱歌跳舞。（2） Their day together remained vividly in his thoughts. 譯：他們在一起度過的日子清晰地留在他腦海中。2. 介詞短語作后置定語（1） The shortest distance between two points is a straight line. 譯：兩點之間的最短距離是直線。（2） Commerce with other countries is very important to us. 譯：與其他國家的貿易往來對我們極為重要。從以上例子可以看出，翻譯副詞和介詞短語做后置定語的時候，只要清楚了中心詞和后置定語的關系和位置，翻譯就簡單多了，只要簡單地譯成“……的”就可以了。3. 形容詞作后置定語A. 單個的形容詞常作前置定語,但在下列情況,則作后置定語。漢譯時，一般翻譯成“……的”結構。① 以 body, one, thing, where 結尾的合成不定代詞,用后置定語來修飾。如:We didn’t meet anybody new at the party.譯：在舞會上,我們沒有見到新面孔的人。Is there anything important in today’s newspaper?譯：今天的報紙有什么重要的新聞嗎?② 在表示籠統含義的 matters/ things 之后用形容詞作后置定語。如:In matters chemical, I’m an ignorant person.譯：在化學方面,我一無所知。③ 有時,在 person 之后也用單個的形容詞作后置定語。如:If you’ve got a plaint, the best thing is to see the person concerned and have it out with him. 譯：假如你有什么抱怨的話,最好的辦法是找有關的人,跟他講個明白。④ 某些形容詞不能作前置定語(多數以a開頭的詞,如 alike ,asleep ,alive 等等) 只能作后置定語。如:They are somewhere alike in their beliefs.譯：他們的信仰有些相似。（“的地方”省略）He was the happiest man alive.譯：他是世界上最幸福的人。⑤ 表示近義的兩個(或兩個以上的)形容詞作后置定語連用時,可用來進一步強調及解釋前面的中心詞。如:Never have I read a novel so interesting and instructive. 譯：我從未看過如此有趣而有意義的小說。The boy, tired, hungry and thirsty, fell down on the beach. 譯：這男孩,精疲力竭,又饑又渴,倒在沙灘上了。⑥ 表示反義的兩個形容詞作后置定語連用時, 常用 and 或 or 相連接,表示進一步強調及解釋前面的詞。如:Workers, old and young, are going all out.譯：工人，不管年老的或者年輕的，都在鼓足干勁。Countries, big or small, should be equal.國家，不分大小,應該一律平等。 摘要一般來說，一個句子主要由主語和謂語兩大部分所組成，定語在句子中不是主要部分。但作為名詞詞組中心語的修飾語，定語在準確理解句子的意義上確實起著非常重要的作用。英漢兩種語言中的定語同世界上大多數其他語言一樣，雖然有許多共同之處，但也確實又各有其獨特之處。在翻譯的實踐中，很多人常常苦于那些較長的定語，特別是比較復雜的定語從句和多項定語的順序排列，覺得無從下手，有時甚至完全脫離了原句的意義，違背了翻譯工作中“信為第一”的基本原則。因此對英漢定語進行一些對比以及討論一些翻譯技巧是很有必要的。前置定語以及后置定語翻譯時側重點不同；定語從句是英語定語的一大特色，翻譯時必須符合漢語的表達習慣。在此從定語的多種形式和用法方面出發，進行探討，從而歸納出一些定語翻譯的技巧。關鍵詞：定語；中心語；翻譯AbstractGenerally speaking, a sentence can be divided into two main parts: subject and predicate. Therefore, the attribute is not the main part of a sentence. However, as the modifier of the headword of a noun phrase, the attribute actually plays an important role in the accurate understanding of the meaning of a sentence. English and Chinese have many things in mon, however, like lots of other languages, each one has its special features. In translation practice, people are frightened by long and plicated attributes, especially by the plex attributive clauses and the order of multiattributes. What’s worse, sometimes the translation is totally different from the meaning of the original text, thus breaks the basic translation principle “faithfulness es first”. So it is essential to make contrasts between Chinese and English attributes and discuss their translation skills. Preattributes and postattributes emphasize different aspects in the translation. The attributive clause is one of the main features in English。 its translation should conform to the idiomatic Chinese expression. With a study of different forms and usages of the attributes, this article explores skills of trans