新編英語教程7上課文(anewenglishcourselevel7unit1-6texti)(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內容簡介】 ed.at the top of his lung and then pull a Dixie cup out from under the windbreaker he always wore and walk up and down the car waiting for contributions. I never saw him get a cent .Lately ,however,life has improved for him because he has begun to understand status opens up his windbreaker,he not only takes out a Dixie cup but reveals a cardboard sign,on which is written:My mother has multiple schlerrossis and i am bland in one eye . His best touch is sclerosis,which he has added every conceivable consonant to creating a good ,intimidating German physiiologytextbook today he does much better. He seems to make a is no idler,lollygagger or can look with condescentsion upon the states to which men fall. 新編英語教程 7 (Unit 1 6Text I) ants05 6 5. On the East Side IRT subway line ,for example ,at 86th Street ,the train stops and everyone es squeezing out of the cars in clots and there on a bench in the graygreen gloom,under the girders and 1905 tiles,is an old man slouched back fast asleep,wearing a cotton windbreaker with the sleeves pulled off. That is all he is wearing .His skin is the color of congealed Wheatena laced with pocket lint .His legs are crossed in a gentlemanly fashioin and his kindly juicehead face is slopped over on the back of the bench. Apparenly ,other winos,who are notorious thieves among one another,had stripped him of all his clothes except his windbreaker,which they had tried to pull off him,but only managed to rip the sleeves off ,and left him there passed out on the bench and naked,but in a gentlemanly posture. Everyone stares at him briefly ,at his congealed Wheatenaand lint carcass,but no one breaks stride,and who knows how long it will be before finally two policemen have to e in and hold their breath and scrape him up out of the gloom and into the bosom of the law ,from which he will emerge with a set of green fatigues,at least,and an honorable seat at night on the subway bench. From: T. S. Kane and L. J. Peters, pp. 318320. 新編英語教程 7 (Unit 1 6Text I) ants05 7 Unit Four Style and Purpose Randolph Quirk 1 Part of the intricacy of coordination in using language lies, as we saw ,in the different constraints operating in speech and writing. But, as we know well, the constraints do not fall neatly into a twofold division, ?speaking‘ versus ?writing‘. The stylistic range of English is wide and ultimately the gradations are infinite. When we are putting words together, we have to see that they are congruous with the expectations at some point on the scale and that they are arranged according to the conventions of collocation and grammarwith reference to the same point on the scale. 2 It may seem paradoxical to lay such stress on being conventional in the use of English when we may well feel that the big prizes go to people who are original and unconventional in their English. It is by no means certain that the big prizes are so awarded, but whatever our pinion of this, there seems to be a general agreement that cries of ?look, mother: no hands!‖ are especially unimpressive when we have still not properly mastered the art of cycling in the conventional manner. Before trying to write like Gertrude Stein, we have to school our selves to observe and to use English within the strictest conventions and we have support in this from the words of Mr Robert Graves6 quoted in the last chapter. 3 Without a norm, it is difficult to recognize or practice originality. You may have sampled a variety of icecream which has little bits of crystallized ginger in it, and you may have e across it being marketed with the rather fetching gimmick, ?freezing hot icecream‘. Here is a case where a departure from conventional collocation is very effective. The title of Noel Coward‘s play, Bitter Sweet, is a better known example, and most of us have at some time been amused by hoary witticisms like ?The hand that rocked the cradle has kicked the bucket‘. In all these examples, we are departing from conventional arrangements – but we are not ignoring them. It is because we recognize that ?bitter‘ and ?sweet‘ are mutually exclusive and not normally collectable that the junction of them can be effective. The effectiveness of ?freezing hot icecream‘ depends on the tension that is set up between this and the normal collocations of ?freezing‘ and ?hot‘( such as ?freezing cold‘ and ?boiling hot‘). 4 The order of events in our strategy, then, must be first to observe the conventional arrangements and the points to which they belong in the stylistic range again, it is necessary to insist on the central importance of keeping in line with actual usage. We observe that if people we respect begin a letter ?Dear Sir‘, they will end with ?Yours faithfully‘, experienced and welleducated people will not mix these formulas – and they tend to think poorly of those who do. And, of course, it is not merely the beginnings and endings that are not mixed: the type of grammatical construction and the selection of the words – the whole style – will tend to be different ( and consistently so ) in the two types of letter. 5 It is true that many enlightened business firms have now given up the sillier, stiffer, formalities that used to spoil mercial letters (expressions like ?Further to yours of the 23rd ult.‘):but a shapely sense of formality remains. The letter to or from a business firm or government department will now say (after the ?Dear Sir‘) something like ?In reply to your letter of the 23rd June…‘ It will not begin with the informal and imprecise words, ?Thank you for your recent letter‘, which are more suitable for one beginning ?Dear Mr Jones‘. Needless to say, there are other expressions that are appropriate to other types of letters on the scale which runs from distant formality(especially in dealings with an anisation, when personali