托福聽力文本tpo13-(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內容簡介】 pecies. The term keystone kind of explains itself. In architecture a keystone in an archway or doorway is the stone that holds the whole thing together and keeps it from collapsing. Well, that39。s what a keystone species does in an ecosystem. It39。s the crucial species that keeps the system going. Now beaver populations are on the rise again, but there39。s something to think about. Consider humans as part of these ecosystems. You39。ve probably heard about water shortages or restrictions on how much water you can use, especially in the summer time in recent years. And remember what I said about groundwater. Imagine if we still had all those beavers around, all those wetlands, what would our water supply be like then? Section 2 Conversation 2 已整理 Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and the language lab manager. Student Hi! I39。m not sure, but urn... is this the Carter language lab? Manager Yes, it is. How can I help you? Student I39。m taking first year Spanish this semester. Our professor says we need to e here to view a series of videos. I think it39。s called Spanish Working on Your Accent. Manager Yes, we have that. Um...they are on the wall behind you. Student OK, so, I can just take....can I take the whole series home? I think there are three of them. Manager I guess you haven39。t been here before. Student No, no I haven39。t. Manager OK, well, you have to watch the videos here. You need to sign in to reserve an open room and sign out the video you need. Just start with the first one in the series. Each video39。s half an hour long. Student So, it’s a video library, basically? Manager Yes, but unlike the library, you can39。t take any videos out of the lab. Student OK, so how long can I use a video room for? Manager You can sign up for two hours at a time. Student Oh, good, so I can watch more than one video when I e up here. Is the lab pretty busy all the time? Manager Well, rooms are usually full right after dinner time, but you can sign up the day before to reserve a room if you want. Student Uh...the day before....but I can just stop in too, to see if there is any room open, right? Manager Sure, stop in anytime. Student What about copies of the videos? Is there just one copy of each in the series? I don’t want to miss out if everyone es in at once. Manager Oh, no, we have several copies of each tape in the Spanish Accent series. We usually have multiple copies of everything for each video collection. Student Super. So...how many rooms are there total in the lab? Manager Twenty. They are pretty small. So, we normally get one person or no more than a small group of people in there watching a video together. Actually someone else from your class just came in and took the first Spanish video in to watch. You could probably run in there and watch it with them. Of course, you are wele to have your own room. But sometimes students like to watch with their classmates, so they can review the material with each other afterwards, for example, if there was some content they didn39。t really understand. Student I guess I prefer my own room. I concentrate better by myself and I don39。t want to miss anything, you know, and he39。s probably already started watching it... Manager No problem. We39。ve got a lot of rooms open right now. When you e in, you sign your name on the list and are assigned a room number. Or if you call in advance then the attendant will tell you your room number. If you fet, just e in and take a look at the list. The videos are over there. Student Great! Thanks! Lecture 3 已整理 Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a poetry class. The professor is discussing medieval poetry. Professor OK, so the two poems we are looking at today fall into the category of medieval times, which was how long ago? Female student Almost a thousand years ago, right? Professor Yes, that39。s right Female student But, professor, are you sure these are poems? I mean I thought poems were shorter. These are more like long stories. I mean one of them was all about love, but the other one, the Chen...Chan...Chan...whatever it39。s called, the other one, well it was all about fighting and battles. I mean can both of them be considered poems? Professor Well, think back to the very beginning of this course. Female student Aha? Professor Remember how we, we define poetry? In the very broadest sense, we said it39。s written to evoke, to make you, the audience, have some kind of emotional experience through the use of imagery, um, some kind of predictable rhythm. And usually, but not always, there39。s more than one meaning implied with the words that are used. Let’s start with the Chanson poetry first. That39。s Chanson. Chanson poems became popular in Europe, particularly in France, and the term is actually short for a longer French phrase that translates to um... songs of deeds. Now they were called songs of deeds because strangely enough, they were written to describe the heroic deeds or actions of warriors, the knights during conflicts. We don39。t know a lot about the authors. It39。s still contested somewhat, but we are pretty sure about who the Chanson poems were written for. That is, they were written for knights and the lords, the nobility that they served. The poems were sung, performed by a minstrel, a singer who travelled from castle to castle, singing to the local lord and his knights. Ah... well...um... would someone summarize the main features of the Chanson poem you read? Male student Well, there39。s a hero, a knight, who goes to battle, and he39。s admired for his courage, bravery and loyalty, loyalty to the lord he serves, his country and his fellow warriors in the field. He39。s a...he has a...h