動詞不定式和動名詞的句法功能比較(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內容簡介】 意思才相 對完整. (1)常要求不定式作賓補的動詞有:allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive(強迫),encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like(love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, : ①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary ②I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. (2)部分動詞后常接to be+形容詞,名詞短語等形式,有時to be可省略,如:believe, consider, discover, find(=consider), feel(=think), imagine, judge, know, prove, think, suppose, see(=understand), understand等. ①We all believe John(to be)honest. ②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School. 但當不定式是完成式時,to不能省略,如:We consider him to have been foolish. (3)感覺動詞和使役動詞后用作賓補的不定式須省略to. ①I didn39。t hear anyone say anything about it. ②They make the students do too much homework every day. 這種句式在變為被動語態時,to不能省略,如第②句:The students are made to do too much homework every day. (4)help, know后面的to: Would you please help me(to) fill in the tax form I39。ve never known her(to)be late :He was known to have been to France before. (5)部分短語動詞后,常接不定式作賓補,如: You may depend on them to be there early. The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy. 常這樣用的短語動詞有:ask for, care for, call on, count on, depend on, wait for, long for(渴望), prepare for, wish for等. ⒉作主語補足語 不定式作主語補足語,: ①He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late. ②The young university student is considered to have great promise. 六,不定式作狀語 ⒈作目的狀語 (1) ①I stayed there to see what would happen. ②Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by the doctor. (2)有時為了強調,不定式前可加in order或so : Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not to forget it. 有時為強調目的狀語可把in order to或不定式置于句首,但so as 分可轉換為so that, in order that, 成為目的狀語從句,如: I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see what would happen. (3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容詞,過去分詞或動詞之后可接不定式,如:astonished, glad, happy, laugh , pleased, sad, smile, sorry, surprised等. ①We are glad to hear the news. ②I was surprised to see that a threeyearold baby could write so well. 在部分形容詞后接不定式,用主動形式表示被動意義,:The question raised by the student is difficult to answer. The room is really fortable to live in. 常這樣用的形容詞有:fortable, easy, dangerous, difficult, expensive, fit, impossible等. ⒉作結果狀語 We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy. : ①so…as to。 such…as to I39。m not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in . I39。m not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing. ②enough…to The speed is high enough for us to catch up with the first liner. ③only to Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital. ④too…to I39。m too tired to stay up longer. 但在下列結構中,too…to并非是太……而不能……: ①I39。m only too glad to have passed the .(too修飾glad to have…,相當 于very) ②We have too much to (不定式作定語). ⒊不定式短語還可作獨立成分,用于句首,: To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment tome. 常見的短語有to be exact(確切地說),to begin with(首先),to do him justice(說句對他公道的 話),to be sure(真的)等等. 七,動詞不定式,動名詞的其它用法 ⒈疑問詞+不定式結構 疑問詞who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式構成不定式短語,在句中作主語,賓語,表 : ①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. ②Mr. Smith didn39。t know whether to leave or stay there. ③I asked Professor Xu how to learn Engli