新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語第一冊第一單元及習(xí)題答案大全(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language and vice versa, (It is not correct to think that each English word has a corresponding word which is exactly the same in meaning and usage as in another language, or the other way round), and it is impossible for any translation method to provide students with the natural forms of a language in speech, let alone produce good pronunciation and intonation. 有些學(xué)生走向另一極端：他們認(rèn)為可以借助詞典在家自學(xué)。如果你認(rèn)為英語中的每一個詞在另一語言中都有完全對等的詞，或者反之亦然，那就錯了。通過翻譯法來給學(xué)生講解口語的自然形式是不可能的，更不要說做到語音、語調(diào)地道了。 【4】 A great deal of teaching is still based on behaviourist psychology. 現(xiàn)在大量的教學(xué)活動還是建立在行為主義心理學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)之上。Behaviourists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making them do exercises where they continually have to change one word in a sentence. 行為主義者熱衷于讓學(xué)生復(fù)述短語，不斷做一些只需更換句中某個詞的練習(xí)。If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. 假如我們是鸚鵡或黑猩猩，那這些方法或許能奏效。A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we aren39。t, because it would make it easier to use their methods. 可惜我們不是鸚鵡或者猩猩，這似乎讓很多理論家引以為憾，否則他們提出的那些方法用起來就會容易多了。 【5】 In my opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested init. 我個人認(rèn)為，假如沒有興趣，任何人都不可能學(xué)好英語或其他任何語言。Human beings, unlike parrots or chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noise mean and can relate them to their lives. 與鸚鵡或黑猩猩不同，人類不會無緣無故地發(fā)出噪音，除非他們明白這些聲音是什么意思，并且能將其與自己的生活聯(lián)系起來。It is worth remembering that language is a means of munication.值得牢記的是：語言是一種交際手段。What people want to say and write in another language is probably very similar to what they want to say and write in their own.人們在母語中怎么說怎么寫，用另一種語言表達(dá)時也大同小異。What they listen to and read cannot be a formula. (What people listen to and read in a language are not just a few sets of fixed expressions.) 人們所聽所讀的不應(yīng)該是程式化的東西。It must be real. 聽的讀的材料必須真實自然。 【6】 There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. 還有一個相關(guān)的問題值得一提：We need other people to talk to and listen to when we municate. 在交際時我們需要有交談或傾聽的對象。If what we are learning is strange to us, it will be helpful if there are other students around us who can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life in real language. 在學(xué)習(xí)較生疏的內(nèi)容時，如果有其他學(xué)生和我們一起學(xué)習(xí)來練習(xí)那些陌生的語言形式，并用真實的語言去談?wù)撜鎸嵉纳睿且欢〞芤娣藴\。Words and Expressionspersonal a. [no p.] concerning, belonging to, or for the use of a particular person。 private [無比較級] 個人的；私人的advertisement n. 廣告claim v. declare to be true。 state, esp. in the face of opposition。 maintain（尤指面對反對意見）斷言；聲稱；主張 n. a statement that sth. Is true or real, esp. one that other people may disagree withaccording to: as stated or shown by 根據(jù)…所說（或所表示）on one’s part: of or by sb. 在某人方面；就某人而言fluently ad.fluent a. [(in)] [常與in連用] （說話、寫作及演奏樂器等）熟練的，流暢的reference n. [C。 U] 談到，提及qualified a. 有資格的，能勝任的ridiculous a. derog [貶義] 可笑的；荒謬的or else: otherwise。 if not 否則；不然的話natural a. 自然的，天然的；非人力所為的efficiently ad.efficient a. 效率高的it’s no use doing sth. : there is no point in doing sth. 做…是沒用處的，無益的argue v. 爭辯，爭論，爭吵individual n. 個人，個體personality n. [C。 U] 個性；人格；性格；品格no doubt : almost certainly, very probably 多半；很可能；必定extent n. 程度；限度to an / some / what / a certain/ such as / extent: to the degree specified 在某個/某種/什么/一定/這樣的程度上helpful a.. [(to, in)] [常與to或in連用] 提供（或樂于）幫助的；有用的advantage n. 有利條件，優(yōu)勢have an advantage (over): have a condition or circumstance that gives one superiority (esp. when peting with others)（對…而言）具有優(yōu)勢extreme n. 極限；極端go to extremes: act too violently or behave in an extreme way 走極端assume vt. believe (sth.) to be true without actually having proof that it is。 suppose 假定，假設(shè)precise a. exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc. 精確的；準(zhǔn)確的equivalent n. 對等詞；等同物vice versa Lat [拉丁] 反過來（也是這樣），反之亦然translation n. 翻譯；翻譯作品；轉(zhuǎn)化provide (sb.) with: supply sb. with sth. 為…提供，供給let alone:（用于表示接著提到的事情）更不用說，更談不上intonation n. esp. tech 語調(diào)，音調(diào)base v. amp。 n. [usu. pass.] [一般用被動語態(tài)] 把基地設(shè)在，以…為基地（或基礎(chǔ)）；底部，底座，根基，基礎(chǔ)base sth. on / upon sth.: 以…為基礎(chǔ)；以…為根據(jù)behaviorist n. 行為主義者be fond of doing sth. : like sth., esp. sth. one has liked for a long time 喜歡做某事psychology n. [U] 心理學(xué)continually ad. 連續(xù)不斷地；反復(fù)不斷地 continual a.parrot n. 鸚鵡chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩theorist n. 理論家in one’s opinion: it is one’s view or feeling that 在…看來unlike prep. 不像…，和…不同relate v. fml show or establish a connection between 【正式】有關(guān)聯(lián)；把…聯(lián)系起來relate sth. to sth. else: show or establish a connection between one thing and another 將…與…聯(lián)系起來be worth (doing) sth.: deserve (doing) sth. 值得（做）某事…means n. 方法，手段munication n. 交往，交際；通訊；聯(lián)絡(luò)be similar to : be like (sb. or sth.) but not exactly the same 和…近似，類似，相似formula n. 【術(shù)語】公式；方程式relevant a. directly connected with the subject 有關(guān)的，有關(guān)主題的Will Pidcroft William Shakespeare Charles Dickens Related InformationThis text is taken from Incentive Themes by W S. Fowler, J. Pidcook, amp。 L. R. Rycroft. Nelson. Australia. 1980.William Shakespeare (15641616): English playwright and poet, regarded as the world39。s most popular playwright for more than 350 years. His plays are watched by vast audiences on the stage, in the movies, and on television. People everywhere in the world enjoy reading both his plays and his sonnets. Some of Shakespeare39。s representative works are: Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet and Othello.Charles Dickens (18121870): the greatest realistic writer in Britain, ranked as one of the most popular writers in the history of world literature. Some of his representative works include: A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, and David Coppetfield.behaviorist psychology: a movement in psychology that advocates the use of strict experimental procedures to study observable behaviour (or responses) in relation to the environment (or stimuli [刺激]). John B. Watson (18781958) and B. F. Skinner (19041990) are two of th