基于net的辦公自動化系統設計與實現(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內容簡介】 類庫。CLR 是 Microsoft 的公共語言基礎結構 (CLI) 的一個商業實現。CLI 是一種國際標準，是用于創建語言和庫在其中無縫協同工作的執行和開發環境的基礎。用 C 編寫的源代碼被編譯為一種符合 CLI 規范的中間語言 (IL)。IL 代碼與資源（如位圖和字符串）一起作為一種稱為程序集的可執行文件存儲在磁盤上，通常具有的擴展名為 .exe 或 .dll。程序集包含清單，它提供關于程序集的類型、版本、區域性和安全要求等信息。執行 C 程序時，程序集將加載到 CLR 中，這可能會根據清單中的信息執行不同的操作。然后，如果符合安全要求，CLR 執行實時 (JIT) 編譯以將 IL 代碼轉換為本機機器指令。CLR 還提供與自動垃圾回收、異常處理和資源管理有關的其他服務。由 CLR 執行的代碼有時稱為“托管代碼”，它與編譯為面向特定系統的本機機器語言的“非托管代碼”相對應。下圖演示了 C 源代碼文件、基類庫、程序集和 CLR 的編譯時與運行時的關系。語言互操作性是 .NET Framework 的一個關鍵功能。因為由 C 編譯器生成的 IL 代碼符合公共類型規范 (CTS)，因此從 C 生成的 IL 代碼可以與從 Visual Basic、Visual C++、Visual J 的 .NET 版本或者其他 20 多種符合 CTS 的語言中的任何一種生成的代碼進行交互。單一程序集可能包含用不同 .NET 語言編寫的多個模塊，并且類型可以相互引用，就像它們是用同一種語言編寫的。除了運行時服務，.NET Framework 還包含一個由 4000 多個類組成的內容詳盡的庫，這些類被組織為命名空間，為從文件輸入和輸出到字符串操作、到 XML 分析、到 Windows 窗體控件的所有內容提供多種有用的功能。典型的 C 應用程序使用 .NET Framework 類庫廣泛地處理常見的“日常”任務。外文文獻原文 and SQL Server 2000此文選自《Professional Web Services》，作者Russ Basiura, Mike Batongbacal, 康博等。 is a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for you to build enterpriseclass Web applications with a minimum of coding. is part of the .NET Framework, and when coding applications you have access to classes in the .NET Framework. You can code your applications in any language patible with the mon language runtime (CLR), including Microsoft Visual Basic, C, JScript.NET, and J. These languages enable you to develop applications that benefit from the mon language runtime, type safety, inheritance, and so on. includes: A page and controls framework The piler Security infrastructure Statemanagement facilities Application configuration Health monitoring and performance features Debugging support An XML Web services framework Extensible hosting environment and application life cycle management An extensible designer environmentThe page and controls framework is a programming framework that runs on a Web server to dynamically produce and render Web pages. Web pages can be requested from any browser or client device, and renders markup (such as HTML) to the requesting browser. As a rule, you can use the same page for multiple browsers, because renders the appropriate markup for the browser making the request. However, you can design your Web page to target a specific browser, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, and take advantage of the features of that browser. supports mobile controls for Webenabled devices such as cellular phones, handheld puters, and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Web pages are pletely objectoriented. Within Web pages you can work with HTML elements using properties, methods, and events. The page framework removes the implementation details of the separation of client and server inherent in Webbased applications by presenting a unified model for responding to client events in code that runs at the server. The framework also automatically maintains the state of a page and the controls on that page during the page processing life cycle. The page and controls framework also enables you to encapsulate mon UI functionality in easytouse, reusable controls. Controls are written once, can be used in many pages, and are integrated into the Web page that they are placed in during rendering.The page and controls framework also provides features to control the overall look and feel of your Web site via themes and skins. You can define themes and skins and then apply them at a page level or at a control level. In addition to themes, you can define master pages that you use to create a consistent layout for the pages in your application. A single master page defines the layout and standard behavior that you want for all the pages (or a group of pages) in your application. You can then create individual content pages that contain the pagespecific content you want to display. When users request the content pages, they merge with the master page to produce output that bines the layout of the master page with the content from the content page. All code is piled, which enables strong typing, performance optimizations, and early binding, among other benefits. Once the code has been piled, the mon language runtime further piles code to native code, providing improved performance. includes a piler that will pile all your application ponents including pages and controls into an assembly that the hosting environment can then use to service user requests. In addition to the security features of .NET, provides an advanced security infrastructure for authenticating and authorizing user access as well as performing other securityrelated tasks. You can authenticate users using Windows authentication supplied by IIS, or you can manage authentication using your own user database using forms authentication and membership. Additionally, you can manage the authorization to the capabilities and information of your Web application using Windows groups or your own custom role database using roles. You can easily remove, add to, or replace these schemes depending upon the needs of your application. always runs with a particular Windows identity so you can secure your application using Windows capabilities such as NTFS Access Control Lists (ACLs), database permissions, and so on. For more information on the identity of , provides intrinsic state management functionality that enables you to store information between page requests, such as customer information or the contents of a shopping cart. You can save and manage applicationspecific, sessionspecific, pagespecific, userspecific, and developerdefined information. This information can be independent of any controls on the page. offers distributed state facilities, which enable you to manage state information across multiple instances of the same application on one puter or on several puters. applications use a configuration system that enables you to define configuration settings for your Web ser