專升本英語語法(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 1. My train arrives in New York at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _____ by then. A) would leave B) will have left C) has left D) had left ? 2. The conference a full week by the time it ends_____. A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted ? 3. It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of ? cement in the factory_____ by about 10%. A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising ? 4. By the end of the year all but two people_____. A) have left B) will leave C) will be leaving D) will have left. ? 5. By the end of this month, we surely _____a satisfactory ? solution to the problem. A) have found B) will be finding C) will have found D) are finding ? 6. Lydia _________there before she went to New York. ? A) has lived B) living C) lived D) had been living ? 1. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, ______from the sort of candles used only in churches. A) had e B) ing C) e D) that came ? 2. Until then, his family ______ from him for six months. A) didn’t hear B) hasn’t been hearing C) hasn’t heard D) hadn’t heard 3. Before the first nonstop flight made in 1949, it ______ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. A) would be B) has been C) had been D) would have been ? 4. We______ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A) just have had B) have just had C) just had D) had just had 1. While people may refer to television for uptothe minute news, it is unlikely that television _____ the newspaper pletely. A) replaced B) have replaced C) replace D) will replace 2. If she doesn’t tell him the truth now, he’ll simply keep on asking her until she ______. A) does B) has done C) will do D) would do ? 3. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection____ ? to the nation. A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left ? 4. If you smoke in a nosmoking section, people ______ . A) have objected B) objected C) must object D) will object 第二講 語 態(tài) (即主動 /被動語態(tài) ) 判斷一個(gè)句子用主動語態(tài)還是用被動語態(tài) ,關(guān)鍵看句子的主語 .主語能發(fā)出謂語的動作，即 主語是謂語動詞的發(fā)出者 ,就用主動語態(tài) ,否則就用被動語態(tài) . (一 )被動語態(tài) 英語動詞有主動和被動兩種語態(tài) .主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者 .被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者 . 被動語態(tài)由“ be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成 .例如 : He wrote the letter. 他寫了信 . The letter was written by him. 那封信是他寫的 . 被動語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只變化 be的形式 (其變化規(guī)則與 be相同 ), 過去分詞部分不變 . 疑問式和否定 式的變化也與 be相同 . 現(xiàn)將被動語態(tài)常見的和較常見的時(shí)態(tài)變化列表如下 : 一 般 進(jìn) 行 完 成 現(xiàn) 在 I am told I am being told I have been told 過 去 I was told I was being told I had been told 將 來 I shall be told 無此時(shí)態(tài) ,用一般將來時(shí)代替 I shall have been told 過去將來 I should be told 疑問式 : Is English spoken there? 那兒說英語嗎 ? 否定式 : English is not spoken there. 那兒不說英語 . 帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) : 情態(tài)動詞 + be +過去分詞 1)It must be done..這事一定要做 . 2)That prisoner may be . 帶有不定式的被動語態(tài) : to be +過去分詞 1)What is to be done next? 下一步該干什么 ? 2)A new hotel is going to be built near the station. 車站附近要修建一所新旅館 . 3)Your bike needs to be repaired. 你的自行車需要修理 . (1)不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí) ,用被動語態(tài) .例如 : 1)His bike has been stolen. 他的自行車被人偷走了 . 2)This window was smashed last night. 這扇窗戶昨天晚上被人打破了 . (2)沒有必要或不想指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí) ,用被動語態(tài) .例如 : 1)China was liberated in 1949. 中國是一九四九年解放的 . 2)I was told you were late this morning. 我聽說你今天早上遲到了 . (3)強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時(shí) ,用被動語態(tài) .例如 : 1)The plan has already been made. 計(jì)劃已經(jīng)制訂好了 . 2)Wu Ying may be elected secretary of the Party mittee. 吳英可能當(dāng)選為黨委書記 . 用被動語態(tài)時(shí)，如需同時(shí)指出動作的執(zhí)行者 ,可用介詞“ by+動作執(zhí)行者 (賓格 )”這一結(jié)構(gòu) .例如 : 1)Midnight was written by Mao Dun. 子夜 是茅盾寫的 . 2)The man was run over by a car. 那個(gè)人被汽車軋了 . 3)This picture can’t have been drawn by him. 這張畫不可能是他畫的 . ? 注 :(1)及物動詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài) ,不及物動詞不能構(gòu)成被動語態(tài) .例如 : ? 1)English is spoken in every country in the .(及物 ) 2)Children sleep soundly. 小孩子睡得香 .(不及物 ) ? 3)The patient was taken to hospital in an .(及物 ) ? 4)The little girl goes to school every day. 那個(gè)小女孩每天上學(xué) .(不及物 ) ? 某些不及物動詞與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成不可分割的短語時(shí) ,如有賓語 ,可用被動語態(tài) .例如 : ? 1)The speaker was listened to carefully. 人們傾聽發(fā)言人的講話 . ? 2)This lesson must be gone over again. 這課書必須再復(fù)習(xí)一遍 . ? 3)The Premier is thought a great deal of by the people. 人們非常想念總理 . (2)“be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)不一定都是被動語態(tài) .有些動詞 (如 :be, feel, seem, look等 )后面的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞 ,用作表語 ,表示某種狀態(tài) .例如 : 1)The teacher felt pleased with her homework. 老師對她的作業(yè)感到滿意． 2)Children are easily excited. 小孩容易興奮． 3)We are interested in English novels. 我們對英語小說感興趣． 4)You seem surprised at the news. 你好象對這個(gè)消息感興趣． 5)Mother looked worried about father’s long absence. 看來母親對父親的長期在外感到擔(dān)心． 6)The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了． 7)The book is well w