20xx英語(yǔ)四級(jí)--1月8日英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試a卷-考試學(xué)習(xí)(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 B) group experience believe that preschools should also attach importance to C) parental guidance D) individuallyoriented development 18. In Japan39。s preschool education, the focus is on A) preparing children academically B) developing children39。s artistic interests C) tapping children39。s potential D) shaping children39。s character 19. Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to A) broaden children39。s horizon B) cultivate children39。s creativity C) lighten children39。s study load D) enrich children39。s knowledge 20. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university:based kindergartens? A) They can do better in their future studies. B) They can accumulate more group experience there. C) They can be individually oriented when they grow up. D) They can have better chances of getting a firstrate education. Passage Three Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 196039。s and 7039。s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly. A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that airborne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北極的 ) snow were declining. In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate ( 分區(qū) ) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States. In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period. The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生態(tài)系統(tǒng) ) re spond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute. 21. The study published in the journal Nature indicates that A) the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results B) lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase C) lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected D) the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow 22. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US A) was discouraged B) was enforced by law C) was prohibited by law D) was introduced 23. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland? A) By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio. B) By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area. C) By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America. D) By paring the chemical positions of leaded gasoline used in various countries. 24. The authors of the Ambio study have found that A) forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected B) lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with C) lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US D) the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions 25. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists A) are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution B) feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline C) still consider lead pollution a problem D) lack sufficient means to bat lead pollution Passage Four Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in longterm maintenance of body , that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to light beer and lowcalorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than onefourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were bining exercise with their diet. In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloricexpenditure charts。for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜餅 )。 Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight, says York Onnen, program director of the President39。s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Still, exercise39。s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those