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【正文】 es were growing, researchers tracked their diameters.”可知，研究人員監(jiān)測(cè)樹(shù)木的直徑是為了了解樹(shù)木的生長(zhǎng)速度。故選A。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮）in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gasburning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground.”可知，與生長(zhǎng)在森林中的樹(shù)木相比，城市里的樹(shù)木長(zhǎng)得更快是因?yàn)樗鼈儫o(wú)需與鄰近的樹(shù)木爭(zhēng)奪光照，也能得到更多的氮量，還更容易得到水。光、氮和水都可以促進(jìn)樹(shù)木的生長(zhǎng)。由此可以推斷，城市里的樹(shù)木比森林中的樹(shù)木更可能獲得生長(zhǎng)促進(jìn)劑。故選A。 （4）考查推理判斷。首句就提到了一項(xiàng)新的研究結(jié)果：城市里的樹(shù)木比森林中的樹(shù)木長(zhǎng)得更快，但死得更早；文章第三段說(shuō)到“以前有研究表明森林會(huì)吸收二氧化碳，但是城市里的樹(shù)木的生長(zhǎng)、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的樹(shù)木一樣，這方面的數(shù)據(jù)不多。因此一些研究人員決定弄清楚”；文章第四段再次介紹了他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：城市里的樹(shù)木比森林中的樹(shù)木長(zhǎng)得更快，但死得更早；文章最后一段介紹了城市里的樹(shù)木比森林中的樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)得更快的幾個(gè)原因。由此可以推斷，文章接下來(lái)很可能就要介紹城市里的樹(shù)木死得更早的原因。故選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解 What a Messy Desk Says About You For some time, psychologists have been studying how personality traits affect health and healthrelated choices. Not surprisingly, they have found that people blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable, typically eat better and live longer than people who are disorderly. They also tend to have immaculate offices. What has been less clear is whether neat environments can produce good habits even in those who aren39。t necessarily innately conscientious. To find out, researchers at the University of Minnesota conducted a series of experiments. In the first experiment, they randomly assigned a group of collegeage students to spend time in two office spaces, one of which was very neat, the other wildly cluttered (亂堆) with papers and other workrelated stuff. The students spent their time filling out questionnaires unrelated to the study. After 10 minutes, they were told they could leave with an apple or a chocolate bar. Those students who sat in the orderly office were twice as likely to choose the apple as those who sat among the mess. A second experiment, however, found that working in chaos has its advantages, too. In this one, college students were placed in a messy or a neat office and asked to dream up new uses for PingPong balls. Those in messy spaces generated ideas that were significantly more creative, according to two independent judges, than those in offices where stacks of papers and other objects were neatly arranged. The results were something of a surprise, says Dr. Vohs, the leader of the study. Few previous studies found much virtue in disorder. The broken window theory, proposed decades ago, holds that even slight disorder and neglect can encourage indifference and poor discipline. But in the study by Dr. Vohs, disordered offices encouraged originality and a search for novelty. In the final portion of the study, adults were given the choice of adding a health boost to their lunchtime smoothie that was labeled either new or classic. The volunteers in the messy space were far more likely to choose the new one。 those in the tidy office generally chose the classic version. Disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition, Dr. Vohs and her coauthors conclude in the study, which can produce fresh insights. The implications of these findings are also practical. My advice would be, if you need to think outside the box for a future project, Dr. Vohs says, then let the clutter rise and free your imagination. But if your primary goal is to eat well or to go to the gym, pick up around your office first. By doing this, the naturally messy can acquire some of the discipline of the conscientious.（1）The underlined word immaculate in paragraph 1 probably means . A.messyB.tidyC.terribleD.fortable（2）Which of the following can best explain the broken window theory? A.Chaos begets chaos.B.Misfortune may be an actual blessing.C.Bad news has wings.D.When a door shuts, a window opens.（3）Which of the following will Dr. Vohs probably agree with? A.More virtue exists in organized people.B.Creativity results from tidiness and discipline.C.Disorderly surroundings help to create new ideas.D.Workers39。 good habits guarantee the success of a project.（4）What can we conclude from the study results? A.The naturally neat people tend to be very creative.B.A messy office will cause quite low working efficiency.C.Environments can affect people39。s way of thinking and behavior.D.People39。s personalities are determined by their working environments.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)研究人類行為與環(huán)境相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明無(wú)序混亂的環(huán)境可能更容易激發(fā)人們打破傳統(tǒng)，產(chǎn)生新的見(jiàn)解。同時(shí)研究人員建議如果你需要在未來(lái)的項(xiàng)目中跳出框框思考，那就讓雜亂的東西堆積起來(lái)，釋放你的想象力。但如果你的主要目標(biāo)是吃得好或去健身房，那就先在辦公室里收拾一下。 （1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的“Not surprisingly, they have found that people blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable, typically eat better and live longer than people who are disorderly. They also tend to have…”不出所料，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，天生有自覺(jué)性的人，也就是有條理、可預(yù)測(cè)的人，通常比那些不守規(guī)矩的人吃得更好，活得更久。可推知天生有自覺(jué)性有條理的人，他們也更有傾向于擁有整潔的辦公室。故劃線單詞意思為整潔的。故選B。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“The broken window theory, proposed decades ago, holds that even slight disorder and neglect can encourage indifference and poor discipline.”幾十年前提出的破窗理論認(rèn)為，即使是輕微的混亂和忽視也會(huì)助長(zhǎng)冷漠和缺乏紀(jì)律。可推知混亂產(chǎn)生混亂最能解釋破窗理論。故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition, Dr. Vohs and her coauthors conclude in the study, which can produce fresh insights.無(wú)序的環(huán)境似乎激發(fā)了人們打破傳統(tǒng)，沃斯博士和她的合著者在研究中總結(jié)道，這可以產(chǎn)生新的見(jiàn)解。可推知沃斯博士可能會(huì)同意雜亂的環(huán)境有助于創(chuàng)造新想法。故選C。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的’My advice would be, if you need to think outside the box for a future proj