高考英語閱讀理解(科普環保)精編習題-資料下載頁

　　

【正文】 role in attracting mosquitoes. According to Live Science, mosquitoes can lock onto targets from up to 50 meters away. At this distance, what we wear has a huge effect. Due to their vision (視覺), people wearing dark colors are more likely to bee targets. Being bitten by mosquitoes is annoying, but don39。t worry. Some simple tips can help ward them off. Scientists remend that we use insect repellent (驅蟲劑) and wear lightcolored clothing.（1）How do mosquitoes locate their targets, according to the article? seeking out bright clothes. identifying different blood types. sensing an increase of carbon dioxide. following bigger crowds.（2）Why are pregnant women more likely to be bitten by mosquitoes? larger size helps mosquitoes to see them. breathe out more CO2. are more likely to sweat. body temperatures are higher.（3）How does the article advise you to avoid mosquitoes? regularly. lightcolored clothing. your skin dry and clean. indoors in the evening.（4）What39。s the article mainly about? new finding about mosquitoes. people can avoid mosquito bites. popular myth about mosquitoes. some people are more attractive to mosquitoes than others.【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了為什么有些人可以整個夏天坐在戶外乘涼卻不被蚊子叮咬，而有些人一出門就好像要被蚊子吃掉一樣。 （1）考查細節理解。根據第四段中的“While flying along, they use their sense of smell to find possible targets. They find victims by smelling the carbon dioxide (CO2) breathed out by humans and animals. ”飛的時候，它們用嗅覺發現目標。它們通過聞人和動物呼出的二氧化碳來鎖定目標；以及第五段中的“Mosquitoes start orienting themselves to carbon dioxide and keep flying upwind as they sense higher concentrations”蚊子開始飛向有二氧化碳的地方，當它們感知到高濃度的二氧化碳時，就保持逆流飛行，可知，蚊子通過感知二氧化碳的增加來鎖定目標。故選C。 （2）考查細節理解。根據第七段“This love for CO2 can also put pregnant women at increased risk for mosquito bites, as they tend to exhale 21 percent more CO2 than people of the same age and size who aren39。t pregnant.”對二氧化碳的喜歡使得孕婦很容易被蚊子咬，因為她們比正常相同年齡，相同體型的人呼出多余21%的二氧化碳，可知，孕婦呼出更多的二氧化碳，所以更招蚊子咬。故選B。 （3）考查細節理解。根據最后一段中的“Scientists remend that we use insect repellent and wear lightcolored clothing.”科學家建議我們使用驅蟲劑或者穿淺顏色的衣服。可知，文章建議我們可以通過穿淺色衣服來避免蚊子叮咬。故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據第二段中的“According to Smithsonian Magazine, around 20 percent of people in the world are especially tasty to mosquitoes. What about these people makes mosquitoes39。 mouths water?”根據Smithsonian雜志，世界上大約20%的人容易招蚊子咬。為什么這些人非常吸引蚊子呢？可知，本文探討的話題是：為什么一些人比其他人更容易招蚊子。故選D。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節信息，并根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解 Some years ago, MichelAndre found himself staring at the body of a dead whale on a beach in the Canary Islands. It was obvious that the animal had been struck violently by a ship——but why? Only later, after surveying the whales which lived in the area and measuring the increase of sound pollution from ships did it bee clear that there was a link. The whales had bee desensitised to the noise of approaching boats and were being struck by them, often seriously. We never thought that this could be something that could kill, recalls (回憶) Andre, who is the director of the Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics at the Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona. Andre has spent 20 years developing an advanced system to better understand why incidents like this happen. His underwater microphones have exposed a world of deafening sound and animal munication never observed with such clarity(清晰) before. It was not an easy task. Sound waves don39。t travel through water in the uniform, predictable way they do through the air. Instead, the temperature, salinity (鹽度) and, flow of water have great effects on their path. What can be done? One solution is to change shipping routes to courses where ships are statistically less likely to meet animals. It39。s also possible to slow ships down to 18km/h or less, which is less likely to seriously injure a whale. As for dealing with the root cause of the problem, the UN39。s International Maritime Organisation has already published guidelines on how to quieten ships, but it will be a while before the effects of such changes might be observed. The ocean is not our world, ments Andre. But it is ours to look after. And thanks to his work, we can better understand the effects of subsea sound pollution.（1）What does the underlined word desensitised in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Stubborn.B.Flexible.C.Dull.D.Friendly.（2）What39。s one way to solve the problem according to the text? A.To lower the speed of ships.B.To reduce the number of ships.C.To set up preserves under the sea.D.To give the injured animals timely treatment.（3）What is the author39。s attitude towards what Michel Andre has done? A.Doubtful.B.Disapproving.C.Positive.D.Uncaring.（4）What is the text mainly about? A.A great expert.B.Noise in the sea.C.Animals in the sea.D.Sea exploration technology.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，