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微觀經濟學清華大學課件ch3preferences消費者偏好-資料下載頁

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【正文】 indifference curve is its marginal rateofsubstitution (MRS) (邊際替代率 ) ?How can a MRS be calculated? Marginal Rate of Substitution x2 x1 x’ MRS at x’ is the slope of the indifference curve at x’ Marginal Rate of Substitution x2 x1 MRS at x’ is lim {Dx2/Dx1} Dx1 0 = dx2/dx1 at x’ Dx2 Dx1 x’ Marginal Rate of Substitution x2 x1 dx2 dx1 dx2 = MRS 180。 dx1 so, at x’, MRS is the rate at which the consumer is only just willing to exchange modity 2 for a small amount of modity 1. x’ MRS amp。 Ind. Curve Properties Good 2 Good 1 Two goods a negatively sloped indifference curve MRS 0. MRS amp。 Ind. Curve Properties Good 2 Bad 1 One good and one bad a positively sloped indifference curve MRS 0. MRS amp。 Ind. Curve Properties Good 2 Good 1 MRS = 5 MRS = MRS always increases with x1 (bees less negative) if and only if preferences are strictly convex. MRS amp。 Ind. Curve Properties x1 x2 MRS = MRS = 5 MRS decreases (bees more negative) as x1 increases nonconvex preferences MRS amp。 Ind. Curve Properties x2 x1 MRS = MRS = 1 MRS = 2 MRS is not always increasing as x1 increases nonconvex preferences. Summary: The Key Concept of this Chapter It is the indifference curve (IC)! ? It consists of all the consumption bundles that are indifferent to the consumer。 ? The shape of an IC tells a lot about the consumer’s preference: Its slope is called the marginal rateofsubstitution。 We can define convexity of a preference which corresponds to the shape of the IC.

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