畢業(yè)論文-基于matlabsimulink的輸電線路操作過(guò)電壓的仿真分析-資料下載頁(yè)

　　

【正文】 電氣設(shè)備保護(hù)制度的完善的利益和投資回收期的成本效益。擁有成本對(duì)于這篇文章的目的，我們用我們已知的微處理器的繼電器成本持續(xù)時(shí)間，但有一些電子病 歷估計(jì)成本和工期。我們有信心在微處理器的繼電器減少維護(hù)頻率，由于自檢。 表 3總結(jié)了我們超過(guò)十年期間為一個(gè)單一的微處理器的繼電器和一個(gè)單一功能的電子病歷的總擁有成本的比較。這種分析所需的關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)，包括購(gòu)買(mǎi)價(jià)格，保修期內(nèi)，每年的去除率，工程勞動(dòng)力成本，測(cè)量的可靠性數(shù)據(jù)，服務(wù)呼叫的成本和維修費(fèi)用，如表 4。這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，其他幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目的重要意義，應(yīng)被視為不僅僅是繼電保護(hù)設(shè)備的購(gòu)買(mǎi)價(jià)格。 所以我們得出以下結(jié)論： 電力事業(yè)已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使分配微處理器的繼電器提供保護(hù)相當(dāng)?shù)倪M(jìn)步，再加上減少資本，經(jīng)營(yíng)和維 護(hù)成本。相比之下，電力工業(yè)和商業(yè)用戶通常不升級(jí)他們現(xiàn)有的繼電保護(hù)設(shè)備，但往往選擇保留現(xiàn)有的防護(hù)裝備，直到它最終失敗。然而，在購(gòu)買(mǎi)新設(shè)備，新項(xiàng)目，工業(yè)和商業(yè)設(shè)施接受過(guò)機(jī)電或固態(tài)（模擬和數(shù)字）繼電保護(hù)設(shè)備μ P 中繼技術(shù)的使用，這可能意味著一些工廠的工程師和用戶至少查看此新技術(shù)只是一個(gè)更新的等效 這是作者的觀點(diǎn)，不愿升級(jí)過(guò)時(shí)的現(xiàn)有繼電保護(hù)設(shè)備不根據(jù)實(shí)際微處理器的繼電器性能或經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但它更成立個(gè)人喜好，留在熟悉的設(shè)備。促成因素，早期的靜態(tài)繼電器差的質(zhì)量，在 1老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的勞動(dòng)力不愿擁抱的技術(shù)變化，在關(guān)卡 1 的新技術(shù)相關(guān) 的學(xué)習(xí)曲線，是太難配置和設(shè)置微處理器繼電器的看法。 與這些產(chǎn)業(yè)的文化問(wèn)題的理解，我們相信，類(lèi)似微處理器繼電器的過(guò)渡發(fā)生在電力公司 T＆ D 產(chǎn)業(yè)，工業(yè)和商業(yè)用戶將發(fā)現(xiàn)， 1）使用微處理器的繼電器的功能有顯著的好處超過(guò)前繼電保護(hù) 技術(shù) 2）微處理器的繼電器可靠性預(yù)測(cè)和各單位從披露觀察的 MTBF， MTBR，智商，和 MI 質(zhì)量測(cè)量，甚至特定的客戶單位 3）確定，并在 [9]所述，配電線路使用的微處理器中繼接力通信輔助保護(hù)和控制計(jì)劃，將減少旅行和負(fù)荷轉(zhuǎn)移倍 36 4）微處理器的繼電器制造商需要繼續(xù)溝通電廠和工業(yè)廠房 工程師 ，這種新技術(shù)確實(shí)是更好，更經(jīng)濟(jì) 5）不可用在這篇文章分析的基礎(chǔ)上，似乎不可用 EMRS 可能是微處理器的繼電器根據(jù)維修時(shí)間，從 10 到 80 倍。 37 原文： MicroprocessorBased Protective Relays This article describes the benefits of microprocessor （μ P) relay performance and its capabilities beyond previous protective relaying technologies. This article also discusses a multiple qualitymeasurement approach to observing, measuring, and then calculating μ P relay reliability and unavailability. This is an important consideration for industrial and mercial facilities that are being required to repair or replace old electromechanical or solidstate (analog and digital) protective relaying equipment because of equipment malfunctions, misoperations, accidental tripping, or obsolescent parts. Although μ P relays have been mercially available for more than 20 years and researched for the past 40 years, industrial and mercial plant engineers tend to be more reluctant to embrace the μ P technology. Electric power utilities in North America have aggressively selected to replace older protection equipment by upgrading and replacing the equipment with new μ P relays whenever and wherever article is useful for consulting engineers, industrial and mercial electric power plant engineers, and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) engineers who are interested in doing reliability and unavailability predictions for industrial electric power distribution systems that employ μ P relays. Furthermore, this article assists thosemaking μ P relay costversusreliability decisions when performing facilities studies to evaluate and improve the system reliability or capacity of an existing plant. This article explores the benefits in performance (sensitivity and speed), reliability (security, selectivity, and dependability), availability, efficiency, economics, safety, patibility, and capabilities of μ P multifunction protective relaying technology over the previous existing technologies, namely electromechanical and solid suggested typical values, quality measurements, and analysis of protective relaying performance, reliability, and unavailability are intended to be a remendation of what could be used as a benchmark in our industry. In 1988, the article ‘‘Practical Benefits of MicroprocessorBased Relaying’’ [1], presented at the 15th Annual Western Protective Relay Conference(WPRC), described the equipment hardware and how typical earlymodel μ Pbased protective relays perform the signal processing from inputs, logic manipulations, and calculations. Later in 1991 and 1992, [2] and [3] provided good detailed explanations and examples of the increased operational flexibility and the additional features of μ P relays that better acmodate system disturbances, relay failures, protection philosophies, and changing power system conditions. With the significant cost and consequences of electric power systemfailures being increased, 38 often a single forced outage can drastically exceed the replacement project cost of the failed electrical distribution equipment. Furthermore, managers and operators of industrial plants that have NASA’s ‘‘failure is not an option’’ mindset regarding forced process outages will be required to look at the inherent reliability of a plant’s electric power system, including the protective relaying devices and ponents of the electrical distribution equipment, to attempt to approach zero defects for uncleared electric system faults. Definitions With reference to [4], the following definitions of the terms used in this article are provided: Quality: The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs. Reliability (of a relay or relay system): A measure of the degree of certainty that the relay, or relay system, will perform correctly. Note: Reliabilitydenotes certainty of correct operation (dependabil ity) together with assurance against incorrect operation (security) from all extraneous causes. Availability: As applied either to the performance of individual ponents or to that of a system, it is the longterm average fraction of time that a ponent or system is in service and satisfacto rily performing its intended function. An alternative and equivalent definition for availability is the steadystate probability that a ponent or system is in service. Unavailability: The longterm average fraction of time that a ponent or system is out of service due to failures or scheduled outages. An alternative definition is the steadystate probability that a ponent or system is out of service due to failures or scheduled outages. Mathematically, unavailability 188。 (1 – availability). Failure rate: The mean number of failures of a ponent per unit exposure time. Usually, time is expressed in years, and failure rate is given in failures per year. Mean time to failure (MTTF):The mean time until a ponent’s first failure, for ponent