大學英語語法練習及答案-資料下載頁

　　

【正文】 bout has e to school. 語法復習五：強調句、 It 的用法、省略和插入語 一、強調句 （一）強調句句型 陳述句的強調句型： It is/ was + 被強調部分（通常是主 語、賓語或狀語） + that/ . It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 一般疑問句的強調句型：同上，只是把 is/ was提到 it前面。 . Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 特殊疑問句的強調句型：被強調部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞） + is/ was + it + that/ . When and where was it that you were born? 強調句例句：針對 I met Li Ming at the railway station 。 強調主語： It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 強調賓語： It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday. 強調地點狀語： It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 強調 時間狀語： It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. 注意：構成強調句的 it本身沒有詞義；強調句中的連接詞一般只用 that, who，即使（當強調主語且主語指人） + 其它部分。 who + 其它部分？ 在強調時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此， that, who不可省略；強調句中的時態只用兩種，一般現在時和一般過去時。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時，用 It was … ，其余的時態用 It is … 。 （二） not … until … 句型的強調句 句型為： It is/ was not until + 被強調部分 + that + 其它部分 11 . 普通句： He didn’ t go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 強調句： It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 注意：此句型只用 until，不用 till。但如果不是強調句型， till, until可通用；因為句型中 It is/ was not … 已經是否定句了， that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。 （三）謂語動詞的強調 It is/ was … that … 結構不能強調謂語，如果需要強調謂語時，用助動詞 do/ does或 . Do sit down. 務必請坐。 He did write to you last week. 上周他確實給你寫了信。 Do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時，務必（千萬）要小心啊！ did。 注意： 此種強調只用 do/ does和 did ，沒有別的形式；過去時用 did ，后面的謂語動詞用原形。 二、 It 的用法 （一）作人稱代詞 it代替前面（或后面）的單數名詞或分句等所表示的事物。 . You cannot eat your cake but have it.（ it代替前面的 cake） Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （ it代替后面的 air） They say he has left town, but I don’ t believe it. （ it代替前面 They…town 分句中的情況） 代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西（包括嬰兒）。 . Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （ it代替前面的tree） The baby cried because it was hungry. （ it代替前面的 baby） It’ s me. 在某些習慣說法中，可以代替人。 . Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. Who is it? Who are singing? It is the children. The light is still on in the lab. It must be the thirdyear students doing the experiment. it與 one的區別：這兩個詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞，但 it用于同名同物的場合； . Do you still have the bicycle? Is this knife yours? No, I have sold it. one則用于同名異物的場合。 No. It is Xiao Zhang’ s. Mine is the one on the desk. it 與 that 的區別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但 that 指同一類，并非同一個。 . The climate of South China is mild（溫和的） 。 I like it very much.（ it指the climate of The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（ that指the climate） South China） （二）作無人稱代詞 it作無人稱代詞時，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語外，另一個特點是它后面的內容都 It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.). It is noon. 12 是表示天氣、時間、距離、度量衡及情況等。 It is a half hour’ s walk to the factory. It is eighteen square metres in area. What does it matter? 用以幫助改變句子結構，使句子的某一成分受到強調。 ―It is (was) + 所強調的成分 + （三）作強調詞，構成強調結構 that (who) + 其它成分。 ‖在這個句型中， it本身沒有詞義。詳見 ―一、強調句 ‖。 （四）引導詞 it作形式主語（賓語） 為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主語（或賓語） it ，而把真正的主語（或賓語）置于句 . It takes half an hour to go there on foot.（ It 與 to go there on foot之間夾有 takes half an We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not e last night. （ it與that 從句中間夾有 子后面。通常引導詞 it 與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。 hour四個詞） strange） 但有時 it與所替代部分之間并不夾有其它詞。 . You may depend on it that they will support you.（因為介詞 on之后一般不直接接that引導的賓語從句。注意： it不是多余的，不能當作錯句） 三、省略 為了使講話和行文簡潔，句中某些成分有時可省略。省略可分以下幾種情況： （一）簡單句中的省略 省略主語：祈使句中主語通常省略。其它省略主語多限于少數現成的說法。 . (I) Thank you for your help.（括號 (I) see you tomorrow. (It) Doesn’ t matter. 省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分。 . (There is) No smoking. (Is there) Anything wrong? Why (do you) not say hello to 省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留 to。 . Are you going there? I’ d like to (go there). He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). No, but I want to be. Well, he ought to have. him? 注意：如果該賓語是 be動詞或完成時態，則須在 to之后加上 be或 have。 . Are you an engineer? 省略表語。 . Are you thirsty? 同時省略幾個成分。 . Let’ s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. Have you finished your work? (I have) Not (finished my work) yet. Yes, I am (thirsty). He hasn’ t finished the task yet. （二）并列句中的省略 兩個并列分句中，后一個分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。 . My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. 13 （三）主從復合句中的省略 主句中有一些成分被省略。 . (I’ m) Sorry to hear that you are ill. (It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance. I think so. 省略了一個從句或從句的一部分，用 so或 not（切不可用 it或