高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法最重要知識(shí)匯總-資料下載頁(yè)

　　

【正文】 6. catch it 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做錯(cuò)事而挨罵，受責(zé)備，受批評(píng)，受懲罰” 例 We39。ll really catch it form our teacher if we39。re late for class again. 7. have it (1).相當(dāng)于say, insist表示“說(shuō)，主張，表明，硬說(shuō)” 例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced. (2).相當(dāng)于get to know something,表示“了解，知道，獲悉” 例 I had it from John that she was going abroad. 8. have what it takes在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于be well qualified for, 表示“具有成功的條件” 例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star. 9. so it seems / appears. 10. Keep at it! (Don39。t give up!)相當(dāng)于go on,表示“繼續(xù)做，不放棄” 例 My teacher asked me to keep at it. 11. Go it! (Go on!) 拼命干, 莽撞 12. Now you have done it! (You have done sth. wrong.) 13. Now you39。ll catch it! (You39。ll be punished.) 14. As it happened, … 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于it39。s a pity that…, 表示“真不湊巧，真遺憾” 例 As it happened, they were out. 15. As it turned out,…在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于it was found to be in the end, 表示“最后被證明是” 例 As it turned out, his statement was false. 16. Such as it is(they are) 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于although it may not be worth much, 表示“雖然沒(méi)有多大價(jià)值” 例 You can borrow my exam notebook, such as it is. 17. Take it/things easy. 相當(dāng)于Don39。t worry or don39。t hurry. 用來(lái)勸告別人，表示“不要慌，別擔(dān)心，存住氣” 例 Take it easy! He will do it well. 18. Take it from ，相當(dāng)于believe me what I “請(qǐng)相信我的話，我敢擔(dān)保” 例 You can take it from me that he will make it this time. 19. For what it is worth…在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于although I39。m not sure it39。s of value, 表示“不管其價(jià)值如何” 例 Here is the article I promise you, for what it39。s worth. 20. Worth it 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于useful, 表示“有好處，值得做” 例 Don39。t hesitate about it! It39。s worth it. 21. Believe it or “信不信由你” 例 Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday. 22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放棄 例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it. 23. It all depends/that all depends 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于it hasn39。t been decided yet, 表示“那得看情況，還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)” 例 —Are you going to the countryside for holiday? —It/That all depends. 24. It39。s up to sb. 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于it39。s decided by sb. 表示“由……決定，由……負(fù)責(zé)，取決于……” 例 —Shall we go out for dinner? —It39。s up to you.第六章 主謂一致 主謂一致，: He is going abroad. They are playing football.　可分為:語(yǔ)法一致, 內(nèi)容一致, 就近一致.(一) 語(yǔ)法一致原則: 即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù). 以下為注意事項(xiàng):1. 單數(shù)主語(yǔ)即使后面帶有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù).如: Air as well as water is matter. 空氣和水都是物質(zhì).No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了兩個(gè)仆人外, 沒(méi)有一個(gè)人遲來(lái)用餐。2. 用and連接的并列主語(yǔ),如果主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù)數(shù). 如: The poet and writer has e. 那位詩(shī)人兼作家來(lái)了.(一個(gè)人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物)用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3. 不定式(短語(yǔ)), 動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ)), 或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 如:Serving the people is my great happiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了。4. 用連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each, every 或no修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜歡去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 沒(méi)有老師也沒(méi)有學(xué)生開(kāi)會(huì)缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請(qǐng)去幫忙。5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, :Each of us has something to say. 我們每個(gè)人都有話要說(shuō)。6. 若主語(yǔ)中有more than one 或many a/an , 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù), 但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。 但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 許多男生都喜歡打籃球.More than one student was late. 不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到More persons than one e to help us. 不止一個(gè)人來(lái)幫助我們。7. none 做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:None of us are (is) perfect. 人無(wú)完人。None of this worries me. 這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù). 如:His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of , :A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。9. 形復(fù)意單名詞如:news 。 以ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics。 國(guó)名如: the United States。 報(bào)紙名如: the New Times。 書(shū)名如: Arabian Night 天方夜談。 以及The United Nations聯(lián)合國(guó) 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。10. “a +名詞+and a half “, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。(二) 內(nèi)容一致原則: , half, most, the rest等, 以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí),:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行車， 今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋(píng)果都是爛的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定數(shù)量的詞組, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), :A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科書(shū)已運(yùn)到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的一部分被豬吃光了。3. :Fifteen minus five is ten . 15減去5等于10。4. 表示時(shí)間, 金錢(qián), 距離, 度量等的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 它們做為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí), :Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。5. (1) 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括police , people, cattle 等, : The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括 audience, mittee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public :The mittee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委員會(huì)決定解雇他。6. the +形容詞/過(guò)去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物, 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), :The injured were saved after the fire.(三) 就近原則1. 由here, there, where 等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中, (有時(shí)主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)):Here es the bus 公共汽車來(lái)了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在這兒的時(shí)候, 你愛(ài)人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？2. 用連詞or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等連接的并列主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的鋼筆。注意: one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that