初中英語語法總結-資料下載頁

　　

【正文】 ［正］The children wear very good clothes to go to school today.［析］英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之詞：cloth是物質名詞，意為―布‖，沒有復數形式，而clothing是指衣物的總稱，也沒有復數形式。clothes是指衣服，但沒有單數形式，如：This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine ，如：a school dress 校服，an evening dress晚禮服。［誤］I like to study the English.［正］I like to study English.［析］作為一種學科名詞前不要用冠詞，而作為某一特指學科則要加冠詞，如：I like to study history. I like to study the history of America.［誤］The Browns is going to visit China.［正］The Browns are going to visit China.［析］定冠詞加姓加s，則意為―Brown先生一家人‖。所以應用復數謂語動詞。此句應譯為：Brown先生一家將要訪問中國。(三) 例題解析1. Lucy and Lily＿＿＿in the same class.A. am B. is C. are D. be［答案］C.［析］由and連接兩個單數名詞作主語時應按復數名詞來搭配謂語動詞。2. Which is the ＿＿＿to the bus stop， please?A road B way C street D address［答案］B.［析］這是考察同意詞辨析，road是指較寬闊的大道，意為―鄉間公路‖，而street意為道路兩邊的建筑物較高，12 可視為街道之意，而way則多為要到達某地所要經過的途徑，還可引深為方式、方法。而address則為―地址‖。如：There is a car running along the country road. I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way to the National Museum?3. Hurry up!There is＿＿＿ time left.A little B a little C few D a few［答案］A.［析］因time作為時間講為不可數名詞，所以不可用few，a few來修飾。另外，英文的表達法與中文不同，中文講，快點，時間不多了，而英文要講，快點，沒時間了。因此，要用little而不用a little.4. How many ＿＿＿can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato［答案］B.［析］用How many提問時，其名詞要用復數形式，而tomato的復數要加es.5. — ＿＿＿is the meat. Please?— Ten yuan a kilo.A How much B How many C How old D How long［答案］A.［析］由對話的答語可看出其問句問的是價格。錢數作為整體、價格講時，不論其值是多少都是不可數名詞，要用how much 提問。6 The boy’s name is James Allen Green. So his given name is＿＿＿.A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green［答案］A.［析］英文的習慣與中文不同，中文是姓在前名字在后，而英文則是姓在最后，其第一個名字是由父母所起的，中間的名字可能是父母、教父所起的，但都可稱作given name,而姓在英文中是family name.7 Shanghai is one of the biggest＿＿＿in our country.A city B city’s C citys D cities［答案］D.［析］復音字母以y結尾的單詞的復數形式要把y變成i再加es。one of 加名詞的結構中的名詞應用復數。 8 Would you please pass me＿＿＿?A two paper B two papersC two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers［答案］C.［析］paper是不可數名詞，如講一張、兩張紙時，要用量詞piece.9 September 10th is ＿＿＿Day.A Teacher B Teachers C Teacher’s D Teachers’［答案］D.10 I only have＿＿＿ bread for lunch today.A a bit B a bit of C little D few［答案］B.11 ―What would you like, Ann? ‖―I’d like two＿＿＿.‖A glass of milk B glasses of milkC glass of milks D glasses of milks［答案］B.12 There isn’t ＿＿＿ paper in the box. Will you go and get ＿＿＿ for me?A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any［答案］A.13 ［析］any用于否定句與疑問句，但如果要表達說話者真心實意希望得到肯定答復時，問句中要用some而不要按一般語法規律用any.13 June 1st is＿＿＿.A Children’s day B children’s DayC Children’s Day D children’s day［答案］C.14 These foreign friends are＿＿＿.A German B Germen C Germany D Germans［答案］D.15 All the students are busy, so＿＿＿ of them will go to the cinema.A many B little C a few D few［答案］D.［析］student是可數名詞，而few用于可數名詞，意為：幾乎沒有學生去電影院。16 There are three＿＿＿and seven＿＿＿in the picture.A deers, sheeps B deers, sheepC deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps［答案］C.［析］deer與sheep均是單復同形的名詞。17 Whose room is this? It’s＿＿＿.A my B Kike’s and John’sC our D Kike and John’s［答案］D.［析］因為room為單數，所以不可能是Kike的一間與John的一間，應為二者共用的一間房子。名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單復數的一致問題：謂語和謂語基本保持單復數的一致,即：主語是可數名詞單數或不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數形式：如：(計算機是個了不起的發明)(玻璃杯里的水很冷)集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時,① 如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)② 如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用復數形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三班有張中國地圖)Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個時謂語用單數,表示許多時,謂語用復數。如：(院子里有只綿羊)(院子里有一些綿羊)maths, news等雖然有s結尾,但不是復數,因此謂語仍用單數： (這個消息令人興奮)glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復數形式,故謂語用復數。如： very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買)a lot of 后跟名詞復數時謂語用復數形式,跟不可數名詞時謂語用單數形式。如： baseball now.(現在有許多學生在打壘球) (大量的時間花在了那個工作上)(被動句)and 連接兩個名詞做主語時,謂語原則上用復數,但是兩個名詞若構成一個整體事物時,謂語則用單數。如：apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果) / very famous food. (魚和薯條是一種出名的食品) there be 句型中be的單復數一般由靠近的名詞決定。如：.(房14 間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)用both…and…連接兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用復數。如： to be heretomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來)主語中含有with的短語時,謂語單復數由with. (一名婦女帶著一個七歲的孩子(當時)就站在路邊)1either…or…或者 neither…n