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【正文】 2022) 18:350359. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of naturally occurring small noncoding RNAs that target proteincoding mRNAs by repressing translation or causing mRNA degradation. Mature miRNAs prise about 22 nucleotides, derived from long transcripts primiRNAs and premiRNAs. Although miRNAs operate in a similar fashion as short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) they typically target a cluster of genes instead of one specific gene. It is predicted that an average miRNA can have more than 100 targets]. Emerging evidence demonstrates an important role of miRNAs in regulating diverse cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Deregulation of miRNAs affects normal cell growth and development, leading to a variety of disorders including human malignancies. Of particular interest, the overall miRNA expression profile of normal tissues is distinct from that of tumor tissues. Specific sets of miRNAs may serve as biomarkers to predict clinical outes. miRNAs can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes, depending on whether they specifically target oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In this regard, tumor suppressive miRNAs are usually under expressed in tumors. For instance, let7, mir15 and mir16 are downregulated or deleted in lung cancer and leukemia. By contrast, oncogenic miRNAs, such as mir21 and mir155, are overexpressed in tumors or tumor cell lines. ? 關于 RNA反義技術應用？ RNA反義藥物三朵金花：反義 RNA， siRNA和 miRNA ? 科學研究 ? 臨床應用

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