英國文學(xué)材料教桉-資料下載頁

【導(dǎo)讀】StudyPoints:. response.thefalse,theevilandtheugly.reverence,etc.statements.speech.

　　

【正文】 Jew of Malta greedy of wealth ? The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus He was thirst for knowledge. He made a contract with devil. The doctor must sell his soul to the Devil so he may live twentyfour years in all voluptuousness. Doctor Faustus gives a display of his magic art and plays tricks on people of higher ranks and makes them realize their true nature. 3) Social Significance ① show the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie。 ② the praise of individuality。 ③ overemphasis on individuality brings harm and ruin to the world and themselves 9Limitation) 4) Literary Achievement—Blank verse: rhymeless iambic pentameter – to bee, through Marlowe?s employment, the great measure of English poetic drama, to be used by Shakespeare, and by other verse dramatists to the present day – also in nondramatic verse (Milton chose it for Paradise Lost, Keats for Hyperion, Tennyson for the Idylls of the Kings) His work paved the way for the plays of the greatest English dramatist—William 5. William Shakespeare (April 23, 1564—April 23, 1616) Shakespeare is one of the greatest, if not the greatest English writer He was regarded as the ―mater dramatist and wordwield (戲劇大師，詞藻權(quán)威 ).‖ ―He was not of an age, but for all time.—By Ben Jonson. (他不屬于一個時代，而是屬于千秋萬代。 )‖ 1) Life and Career (P6266) Shakespeare wrote 5 long narrative or descriptive poems, 154 sons and 37 (?39) plays (including historic, romantic edies and tragedies) within 25 years. 2) Dramatic Career—4 periods ① 1590—1594 (apprenticeship period: optimism, marked with youthful dreams and exuberant spirit) He wrote five history plays and four edies such as The edy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew. ② 1595—1600 (highly individualized) He wrote five histories。 six edies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsir。 and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar. ③ 1601—1607(8?) (darkness, gloom) Tragedies: The 4 greatest tragedies are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth. The two edies are All’s Well That Ends Well and Measure for Measure. ④ 1607(8?)—1612 (reconciliation) Tragic edies (romantic tragiedies) or Romances: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest。 and his two final plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen. 3) Works ① A. The Great Comedies ? A Midsummer Night’s Dream。 ? The Merchant of Venice。 ? As You Like It。 ? Twelfth Night. B. The Historical Plays Shakespeare‘s histories include ten historical plays, nine of which dramatize successively, two centuries of English history from Richard II (137799) to Henry VIII (1509—47). Through his stories, Shakespeare expressed his ideal of seeking an ideal king. Henry V (Prince Hal) is the symbol of Shakespeare‘s ideal kingship. Henry IV The image of Henry V and the image of John Falstaff. (P8292) ② The Great Tragedies ? Othello。 ? King Lear。 ? Macbeth。 ? Hamlet. Summary: 1) realism。 humanism (① woman in his plays are portrayed higher than men。 ② Falstaff [Falstaff , Sir John 約翰福斯泰夫〔莎士比亞戲劇中一個肥胖、機智、樂觀、愛吹牛的武士〕 ])。 nationalism (his desire to find a ideal king) 2) adoption and adaptation 3) master of drama。 4) skilled in many poetic forms 9son, blank verse) 5) master of language 6. Ben Jonson A edy dramatist。 edies of humour. His shorting: portrayal of characters is onesided, flat and lacking development. Unit 5 The Neoclassical Period (Mid17th C—19th C) ? Key Words: Revolution and Restoration。 Industrial Revolution。 Puritan。 Enlightenment。 John Milton。 Alexander Pope。 Jonathan Swift； Daniel Defoe。 Robert Burns, William Blake ? Target: This unit introduces the literary history of Neoclassical Period, which was divided into two periods in literature: one is Puritan and Restoration。 the other is the Age of Reasons. At the same time, the important figures of this period are to be presented together with their works. ? Study Points: 1. Historical Background。 2. John Milton。 3. John Dryden。 4. Jonathan Swift。 5. Daniel Defoe 6. Blake and Burns ? Time Span: 3 weeks Part 1 Puritan and Restoration Period (1625—1700) 1. Historical Background 1. Monopoly 1) During the Tudor dynasty (1485—1603) the English bourgeoisie lived in harmony with the crown. 2) At the end of Elizabeth‘s reign, there already had been some conflicts. 3) During James I (1603—1625) and Charles I, more and more quarrels 4) In 1629, Charles I dissolved the parliament and ruled the country with an absolute government for 11 years. 5) Two camps: parliamentary and Royalists civil war broke out in 1642 and lasted till 1649. ? Cromwell (1599—1658) Under his leading, Monarchy was abolished. England was declared a monwealth, . a republic. ? The Split within the Revolutionary Camp Presbyterians Independents the Levellers Diggers ? Restoration 1) After the death of Cromwell, the parliament recalled Charles II to England in 1660. 2) White terror: many republicans were put to death. 3) Glorious Revolution Chapter II Puritan Literature 1. John Milton 1) Life (Dec., 1608—Nov. 8, 1674) a. John Milton was born in London. His father, a scrivener, was a puritan and a lover of music and literature. From boyhood Milton was a hardworking student. b. Cambridge Days When he was in Cambridge, he was nicknamed ―the lady of the Christ‘s‖ because of his personal beauty and the strictness of life. c. At Horton After he received his Master?s Degree in 1632, Milton retired to his father‘s country house at Horton and devoted himself for six years (1632—1638) to private study. And he prepared himself for the calling of a poet. d. Early Poems e. His Travel on the Continent In 1638, Milton set out for a tour on the Continent, meeting and winning the friendship of many