必修五課文原文與翻譯-資料下載頁

　　

【正文】 iation (by being close to high heat or fire，etc)，the sun，electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of are called first，second or third degree burns，depending on which layers of the skin are burned.? First degree burns　These affect only the top layer of the burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan，stove or iron for a moment.? Second degree burns　These affect both the top and the second layer of the burns are serious and take a few weeks to include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.? Third degree burns　These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the include burns caused by electric shocks，burning clothes，or severe petrol burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristics of burnsFirst degree burns? dry red and mildly swollen? mildly painful? turn white when pressedSecond degree burns? rough，red and swollen?blisters? watery surface? extremely painfulThird degree burns?black and white and charred ?swollen；often tissue under them can be seen?little or no pain if nerves are damaged；may be pain around edge of injured area.First aid treatment1　Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2　Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes.(The cool water stops the burning process，prevents the pain being unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3　For first degree burns，place cool，clean，wet cloths on them until the pain is not so second degree burns，keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water，squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4　Dry the burned area not rub，as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5　Cover the burned area with a dry，clean bandage that will not stick to the the bandage in place with put butter，oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6　If burns are on arms or legs，keep them higher than the heart，if burns are on the face，the victim should sit up.7　If the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.,燒傷的急救皮膚是身體必不可少的部分，也是身體的最大器官。皮膚有三層，像是三層屏障，可以防病、防毒、抵御有害太陽光線的侵害。皮膚的各種功能也很復雜：皮膚可以保暖或保持涼爽，保持體內的水分。正是皮膚使你感到冷、熱、疼痛，它還使你有觸覺。因此，你可以想象，如果你的皮膚燒傷了，就可能非常嚴重。在治療燒傷的過程中，緊急處理是非常重要的第一步。燒傷的原因你可能由于下列各種原因導致燒傷：灼熱的液體、水蒸氣、火、輻射(由于靠近高溫或火等)、太陽、電和化學物品。燒傷的種類燒傷有三類。根據皮膚的第幾層被燒傷定義為一度燒傷、二度燒傷和三度燒傷。一度燒傷　這種燒傷只損傷皮膚的表層。這些燒傷并不嚴重，應當在一兩天內就有好轉。例如輕度的曬傷，由于短暫接觸熱鍋、爐子或熨斗而導致的燙傷。二度燒傷　這種燒傷既損傷了皮膚的表層，又損傷了皮膚的第二層。這類燒傷屬于嚴重的燒傷，需數星期才能痊愈。例如嚴重的曬傷和灼熱的液體所造成的燒傷。三度燒傷　所有三層皮膚以及皮下組織和器官都受到損害。例如由電擊引起的燒傷，因衣服起火引起的燒傷，或因汽油起火引起的嚴重燒傷。這些燒傷都導致嚴重損傷，受傷者必須立即被送往醫院。燒傷的特性一度燒傷?干燥、發紅、微腫?微痛?受壓時變白二度燒傷?粗糙、發紅、腫脹?起水泡?表面有水?極其疼痛三度燒傷?黑、白和焦炭色相間?腫脹，?？煽吹狡は陆M織?若損壞了神經，則沒有疼痛或很少疼痛，或者在創傷面四周有疼痛感急救處理1　如果衣物未粘在皮膚上要用剪刀(如有必要)除去。脫去燒傷附近的其他衣物和首飾。2　馬上用涼水給傷口沖涼，但不能用冰水。最好是把燒傷的部位放在慢速流動的自來水下沖洗大約10分鐘。(涼水可以阻止燒傷的進程，可以防止無法忍受的疼，還可以消除腫脹。)三度燒傷不可以用冷水沖洗。3　對于一度燒傷，要把清涼干凈的濕布放在燒傷面上，直到疼痛感較輕時為止。對于二度燒傷，要保持濕布清涼，需把濕布放回冷水中，擰出水后，再放在燒傷面上，這樣反反復復地做一個小時左右，直到不太痛時為止。4　輕輕地把燒傷面弄干。但不要擦拭，因為這樣會擦破水泡，感染傷口。5　用干而清潔又不粘皮膚的繃帶蓋住燒傷面。用膠布把繃帶固定住。千萬不要在燒傷處涂黃油、油或軟膏，因為這會使里面的熱散不出去，而且還可能導致感染。6　如果燒傷部位在臂部或腿部，要把手臂或腿部盡可能抬高到高于心臟的位置。如果是面部燒傷，傷者則應該坐起來。7　如果屬于二度或三度燒傷，就要立即把患者送去看醫生或住院。1. 若不給自己設限，則人生中就沒有限制你發揮的藩籬。2. 若不是心寬似海，哪有人生風平浪靜。在紛雜的塵世里，為自己留下一片純靜的心靈空間，不管是潮起潮落，也不管是陰晴圓缺，你都可以免去浮躁，義無反顧，勇往直前，輕松自如地走好人生路上的每一步3. 花一些時間，總會看清一些事。用一些事情，總會看清一些人。有時候覺得自己像個神經病。既糾結了自己，又打擾了別人。努力過后，才知道許多事情，堅持堅持，就過來了。4. 歲月是無情的，假如你丟給它的是一片空白，它還給你的也是一片空白。歲月是有情的，假如你奉獻給她的是一些色彩，它奉獻給你的也是一些色彩。你必須努力，當有一天驀然回首時，你的回憶里才會多一些色彩斑斕，少一些蒼白無力。只有你自己才能把歲月描畫成一幅難以忘懷的人生畫卷。