英語及物和不及物動詞等的用法-資料下載頁

　　

【正文】 中，也有兩種形式： She used to be very fat, didn39。t she? （口語+常用）/ use(d)n39。t she? （正式+過時） Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did. Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.) 2. Had better意為“最好”，后接不帶to的不定式。如： — We had better go now. — Yes, we had (we39。d better / we had better). Hadn39。t we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?) I think I39。d better be going. （用于進行時態，表“最好立即”） You had better have done that. （用于完成時態，表未完成動作） 注：①had best與had better同意，但較少用。②You had better … 用于同輩或小輩，對長輩不可用。 3. Would rather意為“寧愿”，表選擇，后接不帶to的不定式。如： I39。d rather not say anything. Would you rather work on a farm? — Wouldn39。t you rather stay here? — No, I would not. I39。d rather go there. 由于would rather表選擇，因而后可接than。如： I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. I would rather watch TV than go to see the film. I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie. I39。d rather you didn39。t talk about this to anyone. （句中的39。d rather不是情態動詞，would在此是表愿望的實義動詞） can (could), may (might), 用法:can (could) 表示說話人能,可以,同意,準許,以及客觀條件許可,could 為 can 的過去式。 Can you pass me the books? 你能給我遞一下書嗎 ? Could you help me, please? 請問,你能幫助我嗎? What can you do? 你能干點什么呢? Can you be sure? 你有把握嗎? can 和could 只能用于現在式和過去式兩種時態,將來時態用 be able to 來表示。 He could help us at all. 他完全可以幫助我們。 With the teacher39。s help,I shall be able to speak English correctly. 由于老師的幫助,我將能準確地講英語。 may (might) 可以, 表示說話人同意,許可或請求對方許可。 You may take the book home. 你可以把書帶回家去. May I e in? 我可以進來嗎? May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的詞典嗎? You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿點衣服. He said he might lend us some money. 他說他可以借給我們一些錢。 may 否定式為 may not, 縮寫形式是 mayn39。t. might 是may 的過去式, 有兩種用法, 一種表示過去式，一種表示虛擬語氣, 使語氣更加委婉, 客氣或對可能性的懷疑。 He told me he might be here on time. 他說他能按時間來。 Might I borrow some money now. 我可以借點錢嗎? He might be alive. 他可能還活著。 must, need, ought to, dare (dared)用法Must 必須,應該,一定,準是, 表示說話人認為有必要做某事, 命令, 要求別人做某事以及對事物的推測。 must 用來指一般現在時和一般將來時, 過去式可用 have to 的過去式代替。 I must finish my work today. 我今天必須完成我的工作。 You mustn39。t work all the time. 你不能老是工作。 Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必須明天還書嗎? After such a long walk, you must be tired. 走了這么長的路,你一定困了。 He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。 He had to go because of somebody39。s calling him that day. 那天他要走是因為有人叫他。 must + have + 過去分詞,表示現在對過去事物的推測。 He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。 He must have received my letter now. 他現在一定收到我的信了。 It39。s six o39。clock already, we must have been late again. 已經六點鐘了，我們一定又遲到了。 must 和 have to 的區別: must 表示說話人的主觀思想, have to 表示客觀需要。 You must do it now. 你必需現在就干。(說話人認為必須現在干) I have to go now. 我得走了。(客觀條件必須現在走) need 需要 多用在否定式或疑問句中. Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天參加會議嗎? You need not hand in the paper this week. 這一周你不必交論文。 need 是一個情態動詞, 他的用法完全和其他情態動詞一樣, 但 need 還可當作實義動詞使用, 這時 need 就象其他動詞一樣,有第三人稱,單復數, 后面加帶 to 的動詞等特性。 I need a bike to go to school. 我上學需要一輛自行車。 Do you need a dictionary? 你需要詞典嗎? She needs a necklace. 她需要一條項鏈。 needn39。t + have + 過去分詞 表示過去做了沒必要做的事情。 You needn39。t have taken it seriously. 這件事情你不必太認真。 dare 敢 多用在否定或疑問句中。 The little girl dare not speak in public. 小女孩不敢在公眾面前說話。 Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小貓嗎? dare 除用作情態動詞外,更多的是當實義動詞使用, 用法同實義動詞一樣,要考慮人稱,單復數,時態等。 Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路嗎？ He doesn39。t dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告訴老師那天發生的事。 have to , ought ，will ，Shall , should . ought 應當,應該 后面跟帶有 to 的動詞不定式。 You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar. 如果你想知道如何修理汽車,你應該讀這些書。 You ought to bring the child here. 你應該把孩子帶來。 ought + to have done 句型。指過去動作,表示一件事情該做而未做。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 你昨天就應該來。 ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。 You ought not to have taken the book out of the readingroom. 你不應該把書帶出閱覽室。 will (would)決心,愿望。 would 為 will 的過去式, 可用于各人稱。 I39。ll do my best to catch up with them. 我要盡全力趕上他們。 I39。ll never do it again, that39。s the last time. 我再不會做那件事情了,這是最后一次。 He said he would help me. 他說他會幫助我。 will, would用于疑問句表示說話人向對方提出請求或詢問,用 would 比 will 更婉轉,客氣。 It39。s hot. Will you open the windows? 天氣太熱了,你能打開窗戶嗎? Will you help me to work it out? 你能幫我解這道題嗎? Would you like some coffee？ 給你來點咖啡怎樣？ Shall, should表示命令,警告,允諾,征求,勸告,建議驚奇。 You should hand in the exercise book. 你應該交作業本了。 This should be no problem. 這應該沒問題。 Shall we go now. 我們現在可以走了嗎? Why should I meet him？ 為什么我要見他? have to,不得不,必須,表示客觀條件只能如此, 而must 則表示主觀思想必須。 I have to go now. 我現在得走了。 I have to cook for my child. 我得給孩子做飯。 You must be here on time next time. 你下次一定要按時來。 We must go to get the timetable ourselves. 我們一定要自己去拿時刻表。