簡明英語語法中考復習-資料下載頁

【導讀】名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞。等專有的名稱，如Beijing，China等。中的個體，如：gun。的集合體，如：family。質、感情等抽象概念，如：work。目計算，稱為不可數名詞。)以y1結尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y結尾的名詞變復數時，Germans；Bowman是姓，其復數是theBowmans。但除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數形式。3）集體名詞，以單數形式出現，但實為復數。aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，the. French，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名詞，表示國民總稱時，作復。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations應視為單數。1945年組建起來的。d.以復數形式出現的書名，劇名，報紙，雜志名，也可視為單數。<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事書。5)表示由兩部分構成的東西，如：glasses(眼鏡)trousers,c.當物質名詞表示份數時，可數。我國因茶葉而聞名。

　　

【正文】 t week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? 2） 表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm wele. 3） 句型： It is time for sb. to do sth 到 …… 時間了 該 …… 了 It is time sb. did sth. 時間已遲了 早該 …… 了 It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。 It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示 39。寧愿某人做某事 39。 I39。d rather you came tomorrow. 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。 I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。 ? 比較： 一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在。 Christine was an invalid all her life. (含義：她已不在人間。 ) Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含義：她現在還活著 ) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。 ) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含義：現在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去 ) 注意： 用過去時表示現在，表示委婉語氣。 1）動詞 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。 Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me. 2） 情態動詞 could, would. Could you lend me your bike? （ P108 略） 1現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀 態，其結果的確和現在有聯系。動作或狀態發生在過去 但它的影響現在還存在；也可表示持續到現在的動作或 狀態。其構成： have (has) +過去分詞。 ? (2)用于現在完成時的句型 ? 1） It is the first / second time… . that… 結構中的從句部分，用現在完成時。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2） This is the… that… 結構， that 從句要用現在完成時 . This is the best film that I39。ve (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。 This is the first time (that) I39。ve heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。 ? 典型例題 (1) Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing 答案 B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應為現在完成時，故選 B。 ? 2) Have you ____ been to our town before? No, it39。s the first time I ___ here. A. even, e B. even, have e C. ever, e D. ever, have e 答案 D. ever意為曾經或無論何時，反意詞為never， 此兩詞常用于完成時。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +thatclause 的句型中，從句要用完成時。 注意：非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。 （錯） I have received his letter for a month. （ 對） I haven39。t received his letter for almost a month. ? 3比較過去時與現在完成時 ? 1）過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。 2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語 : yesterday, last week， …ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語 共同的時間狀語 : this morning, tonight,this April, now, once， before, already, recently， lately 現在完成時的時間狀語 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不確定的時間狀語 ? 3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 過去時常用的非持續性動詞有 e, go, leave, start, die, finish, bee, get married等。 舉例： I saw this film yesterday. （ 強調看的動作發生過了。） I have seen this film. （ 強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。） Why did you get up so early? （ 強調起床的動作已發生過了。） Who hasn‘t handed in his paper? （ 強調有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。） She has returned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續 ) He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續 ) ? He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團， joined為短暫行為。 ) I have finished my homework now. Will somebody go and get Dr. White? He39。s already been sent for. 句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960） 時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。 （錯） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （ 對） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. ? 4比較 since和 for ? Since 用來說明動作起始時間， for用來說明動作延續時間長度。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born.. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 注意：并非有 for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。 ) I have worked here for many years. (現在我仍在這里工作。 ) ? 小竅門： 當現在完成時 +一段時間，這一結構中，我們用下面的公式轉化，很容易就能排除非延續動詞在完成時中的誤使。 1) (對 ) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2) (錯 ) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. ? 1) 用于完成時的區別 延續動詞表示經驗、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結 果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。 He has pleted the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果 ) I?ve known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。 (表經歷 ) 2) 用于 till / until從句的差異 延續動詞用于肯定句，表示 “ 做 …… 直到 …… ” 瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示 “ 到 …… ，才 …… ” He didn?t e back until ten o?clock. 他到 10 點才回來。 He slept until ten o?clock. 他一直睡到 10點。 ? 將來一般時 ? ? 1) shall用于第一人稱，常被 will 所代替。 will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。 Which paragraph shall I read first. Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to +不定式，表示將來。 a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 計劃，安排要發生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有跡象要發生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 3) be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意： be about to 不能與 tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。 ? ? going to / will