翻譯練習(xí)及答案參考-資料下載頁

　　

【正文】 前后持續(xù)了一千五百多年的時間。大量出土的青銅器物表明，中國創(chuàng)造了燦爛的 青銅文明。這些青銅器物不僅有豐富的政治和宗教內(nèi)涵，而且還具有很高的藝術(shù)價值。今藏 于中國歷史博物館的大盂鼎（the Great Ding for Yu）是中國青銅器時代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王（King Kang）時期的作品，距今大約有三千多年。The Bronze Age in China lasted more than 1,500 years, from the Xia through the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, to the Spring and Autumn numbers of unearthed artifacts indicate a high level of ancient bronze civilization in the feature rich political and religious themes, and are of high artistic representative example is the Great Ding for Yu, which is now preserved in the Museum of Chinese was cast about 3,000 years ago during the reign of King Kang of Western Zhou 1911年，中國爆發(fā)了歷史上的第一次資產(chǎn)階級革命——辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911），它推翻了中國封建社會的最后一個朝代——清朝，廢除了中國延續(xù)了2000多年的封建帝制，建立了中國的第一個民主共和國——中華民國。民國政府成立以后，要求全國人民都剪掉頭 上的辮子（queues），選擇自己喜歡的發(fā)型。至此，在中國延續(xù)了280多年的辮子法令終于 被解除。In 1911, the first bourgeois revolution in Chinese history — the Revolution of 1911 broke last dynasty of the Chinese feudal society, Qing Dynasty, was overthrown and the monarch system that had a history of more than 2,000 years was Republic of China, the first democratic republic in China, was founded in its foundation, the government of Republic of China had required the citizens to cut off their queues and make the haircut they then, the wearingqueue order that had lasted for more than 280 years in China has been 出現(xiàn)在中國五代時期的婦女纏足（footbinding），雖然最初是宮廷舞女為了方便跳舞而采用 的一種行為，但由于有人認(rèn)為腳裹起來更好看，所有很多人就開始效仿起來。到了宋代，封 建社會的綱常思想非常嚴(yán)重，受到男尊女卑的封建禮教的影響，女子裹腳的風(fēng)氣被傳承下來，并逐漸成為一種習(xí)俗。為了與婦女的小腳相適應(yīng)，宋代還出現(xiàn)了專門為裹足婦女制作的弓鞋（gongxie）。The practice of footbinding for women appeared in the Five Dynasties, but in the beginning, it was only adopted by the court dancers for convenience while people thought the footbinding made women’s feet look more beautiful, many females rushed to follow the Song Dynasty, due to the importance of feudal ethical thoughts and influence of the feudal male superiority conception, the practice of footbinding was inherited and became a the Song Dynasty, to meet the needs of women’s small feet, a kind of specially designed shoes gongxie was 據(jù)中國古代史書記載，治水有功的大禹通過禪讓制接替舜成為部落聯(lián)盟首領(lǐng)。但大禹死后，他的兒子夏啟卻破壞禪讓的傳統(tǒng)，自立為國王，建立了中國歷史上第一個奴隸制國家——夏。從此，王位實行世襲制度，中國社會從此步入階級社會。夏代處在中國社會從原始社會向奴 隸社會過渡的時期，社會生活的各個方面依然保存著原始社會的種種痕跡。According to the Chinese ancient documents, the legendary leader Shun abdicated and handed over his leadership to Da Yu who had made great contribution to controlling the flood of theYellow River of Da Yu died, his son Xia Qi breached the tradition of demise system and set himself as the , the first slavery nation in Chinese history, was then, the hereditary system had been , China stepped into a class Xia Dynasty was a transition from primitive society to slave that time, all aspects of social life still reserved traces of primitive 北京烤鴨是自封建帝王時代就在北京城流行的著名菜肴，如今它被認(rèn)為是中國的一道國菜。這道菜以它薄而脆的酥皮，以及廚師們在客人面前片鴨子的真實情形而著稱。專門用于制作 烤鴨的鴨子在養(yǎng)殖65天后就被屠宰了，鴨子在烤制前要先用調(diào)料腌制（season），然后才送 進(jìn)燜爐或者掛爐。鴨肉通常配上蔥（scallion）、黃瓜和甜面醬，用薄餅卷著食用。Peking duck is a famous duck dish that has been popular since the imperial era in Beijing, and is now considered a national dish of dish is prized for the thin, crisp skin with authentic vision of the dish serving sliced in front of the diners by the bred specially for the dish are slaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hung meat is usually eaten with pancakes, scallion, cucumbers and sweet bean 秦始皇是中國歷史上一位很有作為的皇帝，他生前動用了大量人力、物力為自己修造陵墓。秦陵兵馬俑（Terracotta Warriors and Horses）就是為陪葬這位皇帝而制作的陶兵和陶馬。秦 始皇陵兵馬俑被發(fā)現(xiàn)于1974年。三個兵馬俑坑（terracotta figurines pits）占地約20,000多平方米，8,000多個與真人真馬一般大小的陶俑陶馬，排列成整齊的方陣，再現(xiàn)了秦始皇統(tǒng)一 中國時兵強馬壯的雄偉軍陣。秦始皇陵兵馬俑被稱作世界第八大奇跡。The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, known as Qing Shi Huang, made great achievements in Chinese still alive, he mobilized huge manpower and used a great deal of materials to build his Terracotta Warriors and Horses were made as burial objects to acpany the emperor in the after were first discovered in had unearthed some 8,000 lifelike soldiers and horses from three terracotta figurines pits occupying about 20,000 square in formation, they indicate the powerful array of troops of Qin Shi Huang when he unified are regarded as the eighth wonder of the 筷子是廣泛適用于東亞各國的傳統(tǒng)餐具。筷子的歷史起源于中國古代，最早可以追溯到商代。筷子通常由竹子、塑料、木材或不銹鋼制成。第一雙筷子可能用于烹飪，撥火而不是作為飲 食器具。直到漢代，筷子才開始用作餐具。直到明代，筷子才開始被普遍使用于上菜或者吃 飯。然后它們被取名“筷子”，并擁有了今天的形狀。Chopsticks are used as the traditional eating utensils of various East Asian originated in ancient China and dates back to as early as the Shang are monly made of bamboo, plastic, wood or stainless first chopsticks were probably used for cooking, stirring the fire and not as eating began to be used as eating utensils during the Han was not until the Ming Dynasty that chopsticks were widely used for both serving and then acquired the name kuaizi and the present 公元960年，宋朝建立，后統(tǒng)一了中國大部分地區(qū)。宋朝的統(tǒng)治者建立了有效的中央集權(quán)制； 廣泛任用民間的學(xué)術(shù)文人；地方的軍事官員及其黨羽都被中央任命的官員所替代。宋朝在城 市發(fā)展方面是非常顯著的，這不單指其在管理上的職能，而且還包括其作為貿(mào)易、工業(yè)和海 上貿(mào)易的中心的職能。在文化上，宋朝發(fā)展了歷史文獻(xiàn)、繪畫、書法及堅硬光滑的瓷器等。In 960, Song Dynasty was founded, and later it reunified most of rulers of the Song Dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with civilian military governors and their supporters were replaced by centrally appointed Song Dynasty is notable for the development of cities not only for administrative purposes but also as centers of trade, industry and maritime , the Song refined historical writings, painting, calligraphy and hardglazed porcelain, 中國科舉制度（Chinese Imperial Examination System）是指中國古代官僚機構(gòu)選拔行政官員 的考試制度。古代的中國人要想成為一位官員首先必須通過多種考試。科舉考試的歷史可以 追溯到隋朝，在唐朝得到進(jìn)一步鞏固和完善，在清朝走到了盡頭。科舉制度在中國已經(jīng)存在 了約1300年。它對中國古代的社會結(jié)構(gòu)和政治體制有深刻的影響。即使是現(xiàn)代選拔公務(wù)員 的考試制度也是間接地從科舉制度演變而來的。Chinese Imperial Examination System refers to an examination system of selecting theadministrative officials for the ancient Chinese Chinese who wanted to be an official had to pass multiple of examinations history dates back to the Sui the Tang Dynasty, the system had been further consolidated and system came to an end during the Qing Imp