定語從句講解及練習-資料下載頁

　　

【正文】 時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）He is the man whom/ that I saw 。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）2）whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken ，大家都跑過去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is 。3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the 。（which / that在句中作賓語）The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to e 。（which / that在句中作賓語）【關系副詞引導的定語從句】關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1）關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于“介詞+ which”結構，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結構交替使用。例如：There are occasions when（on which）one must 。Beijing is the place where（in which）I was 。Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？2）that代替關系副詞，可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。例如：His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was 。He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years 。【判斷關系代詞與關系副詞 】方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求博學精教 成就學生金牌教研中心2012秋季高三英語用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last 。I39。ll never forget the days when I worked together with 。判斷改錯：（錯）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（對）I39。ll never forget the days（which）I spent in the where, when聯系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。 this museum ___ you visited a few days age? which one this the museum ____ the exhibition was which one例1變為肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was ，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選D。而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。關系詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞（where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語）。【限制性和非限制性定語從句 】1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如：This is the house which we bought last 。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very ，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）2）當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last ，他曾經是我的老師。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely 。This novel, which I have read three times, is very ，我已經讀了三遍。3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets ，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called ，這就叫做蒸發。博學精教 成就學生金牌教研中心2012秋季高三英語說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。【介詞+關系詞 】1）介詞后面的關系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的“介詞+關系詞”結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。例如This is the house in which I lived two years 。This is the house where I lived two years you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 【as, which 非限定性定語從句 】由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one39。s ，吸煙有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to ，這對我們人類很重要。典型例題1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a ，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：（1）as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。（2）as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項應為B。as 的用法 same…as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。例如：I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。，常帶有39。正如39。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one39。s ，吸煙有害健康。As is known, smoking is harmful to one39。s 。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。【 關系代詞that 的用法 】 1）不用that的情況a）引導非限定性定語從句時。例如：（錯）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous 成就學生金牌教研中心2012秋季高三英語b）介詞后不能用。例如：We depend on the land from which we get our 。We depend on the land that/which we get our food ）只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。b）在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，）先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。d）先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.e）先行詞既有人，又有物時。例如：All that is needed is a supply of 。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the 。【跟蹤訓練】 place _______interested me most was the Children39。s which you know the man _______? I spoke who spoke spoke to I spoke is the hotel _______last they stayed that they stayed they stayed at they stayed you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? which is the day ______I39。ll never which which factory ______we39。ll visit next week is not far from which which changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are is one of the best films have been shown this year have shown has been shown this year you talked you lend me the book ______the other day? which you talked you talked that you talked you talked pen ______he is writing is which which which which arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small engineer ______my father works is about 50 years whom whom which whom there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? 博學精教 成就學生金牌教研中心2012秋季高三英語39。s 39。m interested in ______you have that what want to use the same dictionary ______was used isn39。t such a man ______he used to is good at English, ___