中國有源相控陣技術發展狀況及其戰略影響-wenkub.com

　 　

【正文】 Wall, 2011）。s avionics package*. The F3539。作戰包線概念的建立，使得自動化傳感器任務規劃和高效傳感器使用更加便捷，均歸功于最小化陣面輻射所獲得的更佳的戰場態勢感知（Ronald W. Brower, 2001）。”——Bill Sweetman，2001。s situational awareness while minimizing the chance that its signals will be distant targets get less radar attention。AESA系統輻射可觀的能量，特別是擁有更多數量T/R組件的AESA系統，更容易向被動輻射定位系統暴露自己的位置。若不能有效解決散熱問題，1475型雷達將不能提供可靠的最大功率發射性能，并帶來重大的維護問題。s thermal management system (Kopp, 2008). Without an effective cooling system, the Type 1475 would not be reliable at peak power output and would cause significant maintenance issues. Furthermore, with such a high number of T/R modules, the Type 1475 would be vulnerable to radar warning receiver (RWR) systems such as the ALR94 without a very capable low probability intercept (LPI) mode.J20 AESA系統方案設計為1475型。The tentative designation for the J2039。相類似地，最先進的美式戰機所裝備的APG77(V)2 和APG82(V)1雷達同樣擁有約1500個T/R組件。憑借更寬敞的機頭鼻錐部分容量，J16和J20所裝備的AESA雷達可能擁有比J10B更多數量的T/R組件。Image 4: T/R module count of US AESAs based upon the 2001 Defense Science Board report Future DoD Airborne HighFrequency Radar Needs/Resources(link provided in Source 1 citation, refer to page 6). Image Credit: Air Power Australia, 2008.圖4：美國AESA系統T/R組件數量，數據來自美國國防科學委員會2001年報告《未來國防機載高頻雷達需求和資源》。Russia’s first fighter mounted AESA radar, the ZhukAE, contained 652 T/R modules and was unveiled in 2007. The Israeli ELM2052 AESA radar, which has been marketed for both the F16 and the FA50 – a joint Korean Aerospace Industry and Lockheed Martin F16 derivative, has roughly 512 T/R modules (Trimble, 2014). The only firm outside of the United States that was able to produce a 1,000 T/R element within one generation was the French avionics firm Thales with its RB2E radar (Avionics Today, 2009). While the relative technological maturity of European, Israeli, and Russian AESAs is not directly indicative of the relative technological maturity of China’s packaging technology, it is an indicator that the first generation AESA produced by China is likely not on par with the US which is generally recognized as having the most technological mature T/R packaging technology (Kopp, 2014).俄羅斯首款裝備戰斗機的AESA雷達——ZhukAE，包含652個T/R組件，并在2007年首次公開亮相。因此，如果有人假設中國已經在封裝技術方面已經或部分達到美國的水平，那么1200個T/R組件的數字可信度值得商榷，或至少略微被夸大了。Chinese defense forums have posted copies of the image above which claim to cite the J20’s AESA T/R module count at 1,856, the J16’s at 1,760, and the J10B at 1,200 T/R modules. It is likely the J10B is the first Chinese fighter aircraft to feature an AESA。這種熱交換機可以是類似汽車引擎散熱器的風冷器，也可以是安放在油箱中的浸入式熱交換器。因此，AESA系統工作期間所產生的大量熱量需要耗散，以避免發射部分芯片變為砷化鎵“熔爐”——高可靠性的砷化鎵微波單片集成電路需配備更佳的散熱器。美國不再制造4聯裝T/R組件，轉而制造獨立封裝的T/R組件。更加先進的封裝技術可制造體積更小的T/R組件，從而提高了陣面上的T/R組件布局密度。s nose.三個主要因素決定了戰斗機雷達可容納的T/R組件數量：飛機機頭的容積容量、T/R組件封裝技術的成熟度，以及雷達的熱管理系統的工作效率。AESA radars represent a significant increase in detection power, reliability, and electronic warfare capabilities when pared to older electronically scanned arrays (ESA) and mechanically scanned arrays (MSA). This article largely focus on more technical aspects of AESAs but the basics of AESAs are cogently detailed by Karlo Kopp in Active Electronically Steered Arrays A Maturing Technology.對比較早的電子掃描陣列（無源相控陣）雷達和機械掃描雷達，有源相控陣雷達具有在探測性能、可靠性和電子戰方面均有大幅提升。作者注：在J31航空電子設備研制過程中（在《國外隱身戰機威脅分析第二部分：沈飛J31》中將進行說明），目前尚沒有多少足夠可信，或經證實，以及非投機性的解放軍戰斗機雷達資料。Author39。AP