專業英語講稿-20xx-lesson1-(已改無錯字)

　　

【正文】 r Some Chemical Elements Symbol Name Symbol Name Symbol Name H Hydrogen Ne Neon K Potassium He Helium Na Sodium Ca Calcium Li Lithium Mg Magnesium Sc Scandium Be Beryllium Al Aluminum Ti Titanium B Boron Si Silicon V Vanadium C Carbon P Phosphorus Cr Chromium N Nitrogen S Sulfur Mn Manganese O Oxygen Cl Chlorine Fe Iron F Fluorine Ar Argon Co Cobalt 39 Symbol Name Symbol Name Symbol Name Ni Nickel Pb Lead Cd Cadmium Cu Copper Pd Palladium Sr Strontium Zn Zinc Ag Silver Ba Barium Ga Gallium Au Gold Kr Krypton Ge Germanium Pt Platinum W Tunsten As Arsenic Hg Mercury Zr Zirconium Se Selenium I Iodine Br Bromine Sn Tin Names and Symbols for Some Chemical Elements 40 Name of pounds Stock system (Albert Stock） : For the naming of pounds of metals (oxides, hydroxides and salts) in which the metal may exhibit more than one oxidation state: The oxidation state of the metal is shown by a Roman numeral in pa‘rentheses immediately following the English name of the metal which corresponds to its oxidation number. ? No numeral is used if the metal has only one mon oxidation number . NaCl: sodium chloride。 Al(OH)3: aluminum hydroxide FeBr2: iron (II) bromide。 Monovalent, divalent, trivalent, etc. 41 Cr2(SO4)3: chromium (III) sulfate 如果不用羅馬數字表明其價態，也可用離子的名稱表示 . FeCl2 : ferrous chloride (iron (II) chloride) FeCl3: ferric chloride (iron (III) chloride) 42 1+ 2+ 2+ 3+ Ammonium NH4+ Barium Ba2+ Magnesium Mg2+ Aluminum Al3+ Copper (I) Cu+ Calcium Ca2+ Manganese (II) Mn2+ Chromium (III) Cr3+ Hydrogen H+ Chromium (II) Cr2+ Mercury(II) Hg2+ Iron (III) Fe3+ Potassium K+ Copper (II) Cu2+ Mercury(I) Hg+ Silver Ag+ Iron (II) Fe2+ Tin(II) Sn2+ Sodium Na+ Lead Pb2+ Zinc Zn2+ Some Common Ions (Cation) 43 3 2 1 1 Arsenate AsO43 Carbonate CO32 Acetate C2H3O2 Hydrogen sulfite HSO3 Arsenite AsO33 Chromate CrO42 Bromide Br Hydride H Phosphate PO43 Dichromate Cr2O72 Chlorate ClO3 Hydroxide OH Phosphite PO33 Oxalate C2O42 Chloride Cl Hypochlorite ClO Oxide O2 Chlorite ClO2 Iodate IO3 Sulfide S2 Cyanide CN Nitrate NO3 Sulfate SO42 Fluoride F Nitrite NO2 Sulfite SO32 Hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) HCO3 Perchlorate ClO4 Some Common Ions (Anion) 44 Naming nonmetal oxides Using the Greek prefixes for both the number of oxygen atom and that of the other element in the pounds The prefix used are: (1) mono (mon)。 (2) di。 (3) tri。 (4) tetra。 (5) penta。 (6) hexa。 (7) hepta。 (8) octa。 (9) nona。 (10)deca. Generally the letter ―a‖ is omitted from the prefix (from ?tetra‘ on) when naming a nonmetal oxide and often ―mono‖ is omitted from the name altogether 45 Name of some nonmetal oxides Formula CO Carbon (II) oxide Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon (IV) oxide Carbon dioxide SO2 Sulfur (IV) oxide Sulfur dioxide SO3 Sulfur (VI) oxide Sulfur trioxide N2O3 Nitrogen (III) oxide Dinitrogen trioxide P2O5 Phosphorous (V) oxide Diphosphorous pentoxide Cl2O7 Chlorine (VII) oxide Dichlorine heptoxide 46 Names of some acids and acid ions H3PO4 : phosphoric acid PO4 : Phosphate H3PO3 : phosphorous acid PO33 : phosphite H2SO4 : sulfuric acid。 SO42: sulfate H2SO3 : sulfurous acid SO32 : sulfite HClO4 : perchloric acid。 ClO4 : perchlorate HClO3 : chloric acid ClO3 : chlorate HClO2: chlorous acid。 ClO2 : chlorite HClO : hypochlorous acid ClO : hypochlorite 47 H2CO3 : carbonic acid。 CO32: carbonate HNO3 : nitric acid NO3 : nitrate HNO2: nitrous acid。 NO2 : nitrite H2S : hydrogen sulfide H2Cr2O7 : dichromic acid。 (Na2Cr2O7 : Sodium dichromate) H2CrO4 : chromic acid CrO4 : chromate ( NaCrO4 : Sodium chromate) HCN: hydrocyanic acid (aqueous solution) CN: cyanide HCl : hydrochloric acid (for aqueous solution) / hydrogen chloride 48 Acid salt (Acid containing acid hydrogen) Names are formed by adding the word ―hydrogen‖, with numerical prefix when necessary, to denote the replaceable hydrogen in the salt. Hydrogen should be followed without space by the name of the anion Anion: 陰離子； Cation: 陽離子 . NaHCO3 : sodium hydrogencarbonate (sodium bicarbonate)。 LiH2PO4 : lithium dihydenphosphate。 Na2HPO4 : Disodium hydrogenphosphate 49 UNIT 2 Chain Polymerization Many olefinic and vinyl unsaturated pounds are able, to form chainlike macromolecules through elimination of the double bond, a phenomenon first recognized by Staudinger. Diolefins polymerize in the same manner, however, only one of the two double bonds is eliminated. Such reactions occur through the initial addition of a monomer molecule to an initiator radical or an initiator ion, by which the active state is transferred from the initiator to the added monomer.① Chainlike: 鏈狀的， （復合詞） “ Like”: (I) ―喜歡，喜愛” (verb)。 (II) ―象 … 一樣”、“跟 … 一樣” (preposition) 50 (III) 同樣的，相同的（ adjective） . Equal numbers of moles of all gases, under like conditions, occupy the same volume. Unlike poles (電極 ) attract each other and like poles repel each other. (IV) 同樣的東西，同類的事情（ noun） . It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like (或 and others, 或 and other things). (V). ―如同，好像” (conjunction) Waves in water move like the waveform moves along a rope. 51 In the same way, by means of a chain reaction, one monomer molecule after the other is added (2 000~20 000 monomers per second) unt