基于虛擬儀器的電阻爐溫度控制系統設計畢業設計論文(已修改)

　

【正文】 畢業設計論文基于虛擬儀器的電阻爐溫度控制系統內蒙古科技大學畢業設計說明書（畢業論文）I摘要電阻爐被廣泛地應用在工業生產中，它的溫度控制效果直接影響到生產效率和產品質量，因而對溫度控制系統的要求很高。目前工業電阻爐通常采用常規 PID 控制，PID 控制器是最早發展起來的控制策略之一，具有結構簡單、容易實現、控制效果好、魯棒性強等特點，被廣泛應用于工業過程控制，尤其適用于可建立精確數學模型的確定性控制系統，在工業過程控制中至今仍得到廣泛應用。但是工業電阻爐的溫度控制具有非線性、大慣性、大滯后等特點，難以對其建立精確的數學模型，因而常規 PID控制難以取得良好的控制效果；本文采用增量式 PID 控制算法來進行 PID 參數的自動整定。作為計算機技術和現代儀器技術相結合的產物，虛擬儀器實現了在傳統測試理論和控制方法上的革命性突破。與傳統儀器相比，虛擬儀器具有功能更豐富、處理速度更快、測量效率更高、可擴充性更好的優點。本文把虛擬儀器與智能溫度控制相結合，用 LabVIEW 開發了一套自整定的 PID 控制算法的溫度控制系統。論文概述了智能溫度控制的發展與現狀，介紹了虛擬儀器的發展及其突出特點。詳細地論述了系統的設計與實現方法，其中包括數據采集、數據處理、數字濾波等功能模塊的設計與實現。關鍵詞：虛擬儀器；PID 控制器；自整定內蒙古科技大學畢業設計說明書（畢業論文）IIResistance Furnace Temperature Control SystemBased on Virtual InstrumentAbstractResistance furnace was widely used in industrial production, whose effect of the temperature control has a direct impact on productivity and product quality, thus a high quality of temperature control system is demanded. Industry Resistance furnace used to use conventional PID control, PID controller is one of the earliest control strategies and it is simple in structure, easy to implement, effective to control。it also has the characteristics of it is widely used in industrial process control, in particular to establish a precise mathematical model, and industrial process control is still widely used. However, the industry39。s Resistance furnace with temperature control of nonlinear, large inertia, the characteristics of large time delay, it is difficult to establish its precise mathematical model of conventional PID control , thus it is difficult to achieve good control effect。 In this paper, we use incremental PID control algorithm for autotuning parameters.As product of bination of the puter technology and modern equipment technology,it make a revolutionary breakthrough from traditional test and measurement methods .Compared with traditional instruments, virtual instrument has a more featurerich, faster processing speed, more effective measurement, the advantage of better this paper, the virtual instrument and intelligent temperature control is bined, we use LabVIEW to develop a set of selftuning PID control algorithm of the temperature control system. Paper provides an overview of the development of intelligent temperature control and the status , describes the development of virtual instrumentation and its salient features. Detailing the system design and implementation, including data acquisition, data processing, digital filtering and other functions of the Design and Implementation of modules. Keywords: virtual instrument。 PID controller。 selftuning內蒙古科技大學畢業設計說明書（畢業論文）III目錄摘要 .............................................................................................................................................IAbstract ......................................................................................................................................II第一章 引言 ...............................................................................................................................1 本課題的背景及意義 ......................................................................................................1 論文研究的主要內容 .......................................................................................................3 文研究的重點和難點 .......................................................................................................3第二章 虛擬儀器及應用簡介 ...................................................................................................4 虛擬儀器的概念 ...............................................................................................................4 虛擬儀器的特點 ...............................................................................................................5 虛擬儀器的組成 ...............................................................................................................5 虛擬儀器的開發平臺—LabVIEW ..................................................................................6 LabVIEW 的程序構成 .....................................................................................................7 虛擬儀器與傳統儀器的比較 ...........................................................................................8 虛擬儀器的應用 ...............................................................................................................9第三章 溫度傳感器的分類及溫度信號的檢測 ...................................................................12 爐溫度特性及其對象建模 .............................................................................................12 溫度傳感器的選用 ........................................................................................................14 爐熱電偶測溫 .................................................................................................................17 偶測溫誤差分析 .............................................................................................................18第四章 PID 控制算法簡介 .....................................................................................................20 PID 控制和智能控制的介紹 ..........................................................................................20 數字 PID 控制算式 .........................................................................................................23 數字 PID 控制算式的改進 .............................................................................................26 增量式 PID 控制器的程序流程圖 ................................................................................30第五章 電阻爐溫度控制系統的硬件設計 .........................................................................32 控制系統的功能及結構 .................................................................................................32 數據采集卡 .....................................................................................................................33 系統設計原則 .........................................................................................................