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【正文】 t on replication but cause mispairing, which in turn can be converted to mutation. Repair of DNA damage ?Direct reversal of DNA damage by photoreactivation (光活化作用 ) and alkyltransferase (烷基轉(zhuǎn)移酶 ) ?Base excision repair (切割修復(fù) ) ?Nucleotide excision repair ?Rebination (DSB) repairs ?Translesion DNA synthesis Mechanisms to repair a damage See Table 91 for summary Repair of DNA damage Direct reversal of DNA damage Errorfree repair Repair of DNA damage Photoreactivation Figure 911 Monomerization of thymine dimers by DNA photolyases in the presence of visible light. Methyltransferase Removes the methyl group from the methylated O6methylguanine. The methyl group is transferred to the protein itself, inactivating the protein. Figure 912 Base Excision repair enzyme remove damaged bases by a baseflipping mechanism Repair of DNA damage Glycosylase 1. Recognizes the damaged base 2. Removes the damaged base AP endonulease exonulcease the abasic sugarphosphate backbone Exonulcease/DNA polymerase/ligase 4. Works sequentially to plete the repair event. Figure 914: baseflipping recognition by glycosylase Figure 913: removes the damaged base and repair oxoG:A repair. A glycosylase recognizes the mispair and removes A. A failsafe glycosylase also removes T from T:G mispairs, as if it knows how T is produced. Failsafe systems (最后保險系統(tǒng) ) Figure 915: Nucleotide Excision repair enzymes cleave damaged DNA on either side of the lesion Repair of DNA damage distortions to the shape of the DNA double helix a short singlestranded segment that includes the lesion. polymerase/ligase fill in the gap. Figure 916** Figure 917. Transcriptioncouple repair: nucleotide excision repair (NER) system is capable of rescuing RNA polymerase that has been arrested by the presence of lesions in the DNA template TFIIH TFIIH is a transcription factor including XPA and XPD (UvrB) Rebination repairs DNA breaks by retrieving sequence information from undamaged DNA Repair of DNA damage Doublestrand break (DSB) repair pathway Details are in chapter 10 Figure 104. Damage in the DNA template can lead to DSB formation during replication FIGURE 103 DSB repair model for homologous rebination Translesion DNA synthesis enables replication to proceed across DNA damage Repair of DNA damage ?Errorprone repair***

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