電大開(kāi)放英語(yǔ)2考試小抄(更新版)

　　

【正文】 由于不知道他的電 話(huà)號(hào)碼，我給他寫(xiě)了一封信。 分詞作時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了明確其意義有時(shí)可在分詞前加上 when , while , if 等連詞。例如： Having been discussed several times , the decision was finally made . 進(jìn)行了幾次討論之后，終于作出了決定。分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果分詞與賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成 主謂關(guān)系 ，用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果構(gòu)成 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 ，則用過(guò)去分詞。 這種表達(dá)形式的意義是 分詞動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；但分詞動(dòng)作與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 。 I saw him cross the street 我看見(jiàn)他過(guò)街去了。 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 主要表示： A）在將來(lái)某時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作； B）預(yù)計(jì)、安排即將發(fā)生或勢(shì)必發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。ll be seeing off a friend .今晚我不能參加聚會(huì)了。 I39。m sorry to have left you here alone so long .對(duì)不起，讓你一個(gè)人在這里呆了這么久。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)與移動(dòng)電話(huà)、計(jì)算機(jī)和電子郵件相關(guān)的詞匯；復(fù)習(xí)表達(dá)建議的方式；學(xué)習(xí)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句；復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)名詞的用法；學(xué)習(xí)生氣與煩惱的表達(dá)方式。 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)： restart 重新啟動(dòng) accidentally 偶然地；意外地 delete 刪除 error 錯(cuò)誤 consult 請(qǐng)教；參考 manual 手冊(cè)；指南 programme 程序 crash 崩潰 boot up 啟動(dòng)；使系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始工作 blank 空白地 helpline 熱線(xiàn)服務(wù)電話(huà) alt=alternate key, 換檔鍵 reboot 重新啟動(dòng) plug 插頭；接通（ in / into） flicker 閃爍 undo 撤銷(xiāo) run out 用光；耗盡 set off 出發(fā)；動(dòng)身 call off 放 棄；取消 picture messaging phone 彩信電話(huà) PC (Personal Computer 的縮寫(xiě) )個(gè)人電腦 hard drive 硬盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器 processor 處理器 mailing group lists 群發(fā)郵件名單 get on one’s nerves 使 …… 心煩 double click 雙擊 highlight 使 ……突出 webcast 網(wǎng)上播出 fan mail 歌迷郵件 tagline 結(jié)束語(yǔ) cyberdating 網(wǎng)上約會(huì) 語(yǔ)法： 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相違背 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 If I hadn39。 They were all covered with dust. （作副詞） 他們身上盡是塵土。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)與空中旅行相關(guān)的詞匯；復(fù)習(xí)分詞的用法；復(fù)習(xí)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句；復(fù)習(xí)用 should 對(duì)過(guò)去的事情表示遺憾、責(zé)備；復(fù)習(xí) unless, when 和 if；學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)投訴信。 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)： put in 花費(fèi)；付出（時(shí)間 ，精力） aboveaverage 高于平均值的 take (time)off 休假，歇假 catch up 追上 it was great fun 指玩得開(kāi)心 get sunstroke 中暑 package holiday 包價(jià)假期 amazingly 令人驚訝地 broaden one’s mind 開(kāi)闊心智 carry out 實(shí)行 onthespot 在現(xiàn)場(chǎng) rubbish disposal 垃圾處理 be taken ill 病倒 doubleedged sword 雙刃劍；雙重影響的 national heritage 國(guó)家遺產(chǎn) spur sb to doing 激勵(lì)某人做某事 feed into 投入；供給 golf course 高爾夫球場(chǎng) e into contact(with) 接觸 a whole host of 大量，許多 be certain of 有把握，肯定 scuba diving 戴自攜式潛水呼吸器潛水 what is more 而且，更加 even though 即使 adapt to 適應(yīng) longhaul flight 遠(yuǎn)程航班 shorthaul flight 短途航班 charter flight 包（租）機(jī)航班 first class 頭等艙 economy class 經(jīng)濟(jì)艙 scheduled flight 定期航班 steppingoff point 出發(fā)點(diǎn) cater for 為 ……提供服務(wù) cope with 應(yīng)付，對(duì)付 dutyfree shop 免稅商店 safety instructions 安全說(shuō)明 pensate 賠償 booking policy 訂票政策 surcharge 額外費(fèi)用 peak times 高峰時(shí)段 out of order 出故障的 sea view 海景的 boarding card 登機(jī)牌 checkin desk 登機(jī)手續(xù)辦理處 be known as 即，就是 colonize 在……開(kāi)拓殖民地 make one’s fortune 發(fā)財(cái) bear generation 跨掉的一代 hang on 抓住 sharedtaxi service 出租車(chē)合租服務(wù) to gain a place at 謀得一個(gè)職位 shoot down 擊落 cover up 掩蓋 escape from 從 ……逃出 rock climbing 攀巖運(yùn)動(dòng) hanggliding 懸掛式滑翔運(yùn)動(dòng) survival course 野外生存課程 yacht 帆船 all year round 全年 make friends 交朋友 the rest of sb’ s life 某人的余生 on the up 在上升階段 up and ing 有希望地 influx 大量涌入 human catapult stunt 人體彈射特技 vulnerable 脆弱的，易受傷害的 heart attack 心臟病發(fā)作 rule out 排除 be posed of 由……組成 millennium 一千年 escape system （航天飛機(jī)）脫離系統(tǒng) go as planned 按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行 語(yǔ)法： 1） 同級(jí)比較往往由 as + 形容詞 / 副詞的原形 + as的句式表達(dá)；當(dāng)然也要注意它的否定形式、以及在第一個(gè) as前加倍數(shù)或程度副詞的情況。在這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個(gè) as是副詞，而第二個(gè) as是連詞；在第二個(gè) as 的后面接名詞、句子或代詞的主格（一般不要接代詞的賓格）。 2）另外，在 as … as 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個(gè) as的前面可以加上表示倍數(shù)的詞、或是某些副詞修飾語(yǔ)： twice , ( three ) times , nearly , almost , just , exactly , not nearly（根本不） , by no means（絕不） , quite 等等。 He has learned as many English words as his brother (has ) . 他已學(xué)了和他哥哥一樣多的英文單字。ve been working much harder than I have. 你一直比我工作得努力多了。 He became less and less satisfied with the football team39。在這種情況下，往往是將一個(gè)人或是一件事與其他所有的人或事相比較。 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝！！！ 2021 年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過(guò)小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the ‘effector’ cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and nonnerve cells. This process is termed ‘chemical neurotransmission’ and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as ‘cholinergic’. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the socalled motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a mand is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds。s turbulent yet elegant abstract paintings, which were created by spattering paint on huge canvases placed on the floor, brought abstract expressionism before a hostile public. Willem de Kooning